Search results for "Inhalation"
showing 10 items of 326 documents
SEARCH international case-control study of childhood brain tumours: role of index pregnancy and birth, and mother's reproductive history.
1999
A series of co-ordinated population-based case-control studies of childhood brain tumours (CBT) was undertaken under the auspices of the Surveillance of Environmental Aspects Related to Cancer in Humans (SEARCH) programme of the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) to evaluate, inter alia, the risk in relation to characteristics of the index pregnancy and birth, and maternal reproductive history. Subjects comprised 1218 cases aged 0-19 years and 2223 controls. Risk estimates were calculated by unconditional logistic regression, adjusted for age, sex, centre and mother's years of schooling, for all types of CBT combined as well as for four groups defined by histopathology (astr…
Retracted: Do patients profit from physostigmine in recovery from desflurane anaesthesia?
2007
Background: Physostigmine is the drug of choice in the central anticholinergic syndrome, but has also been used in post-operative mental derangement secondary to sedatives and volatile anaesthetics. The aim of this double-blind, randomized, prospective study was to determine whether physostigmine alters recovery after desflurane anaesthesia. Methods: One hundred patients undergoing urologic or surgical procedures were enrolled to receive either NaCl 0.9% (n= 50) or 2 mg of physostigmine (n= 50) at the end of general anaesthesia with propofol, fentanyl, cisatracurium and desflurane. Times to extubation, stating name, birthday and place of residence, and obeying commands such as eye opening…
Randomized clinical trial to evaluate the effects of perioperative supplemental oxygen administration on the colorectal anastomosis
2006
Abstract Background Perioperative supplemental oxygen therapy may have beneficial effects on wound healing following colorectal surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of such therapy on colorectal anastomotic pH and partial pressure of carbon dioxide (Pco2) gap. Methods Forty-five patients undergoing anterior resection for rectal or sigmoid cancer were randomized to receive 30 or 80 per cent perioperative oxygen. Administration was commenced after induction of anaesthesia and maintained for 6 h after surgery. Intragastric and anastomotic tonometric catheters were placed in each patient and intramucosal pH (pHi) was measured immediately after operation, and 6 and 24 h lat…
Results of a major ambulatory oral surgery program using general inhalational anesthesia on disabled patients
2008
Objectives: To assess the demographic characteristics and comorbidities of the group to be studied, as well as various quality indicators of a Major Ambulatory Surgery (MAS) program. Quantification of the surgical-anesthetic incidents. Study design: We aimed to perform a retrospective and descriptive analysis of disabled patients who had received oral ambulatory surgery under general anesthesia. Data obtained from the clinical history and telephone interview included the demographic characteristics, socioeconomic status, previous dental history, cause of the mental disability, degree of mental retardation, comorbidity measured according to the scale of the American Society of Anesthesiologi…
Clinical aspects of the apparent diffusion coefficient in 3He MRI: results in healthy volunteers and patients after lung transplantation.
2007
Purpose To measure the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) after inhalation of hyperpolarized 3He in healthy volunteers and lung transplant recipients, and demonstrate the gravity dependence of ADC values. Materials and Methods Six healthy volunteers, 10 patients after single-lung transplantation, and six patients after double-lung transplantation were examined at 1.5T during inspiration and expiration. The inhalation of 300 mL of hyperpolarized 3He was performed with a computer-controlled delivery device. A two-dimensional fast low-angle shot (FLASH) sequence measured the 3He diffusive gas movement. From these data the ADC was calculated. Results The mean ADC was 0.143 cm2/second in healt…
High-flow nasal cannula versus non-invasive ventilation for acute hypercapnic respiratory failure in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of…
2022
Abstract Background Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) with bi-level positive pressure ventilation is a first-line intervention for selected patients with acute hypercapnic respiratory failure. Compared to conventional oxygen therapy, NIV may reduce endotracheal intubation, death, and intensive care unit length of stay (LOS), but its use is often limited by patient tolerance and treatment failure. High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) is a potential alternative treatment in this patient population and may be better tolerated. Research question For patients presenting with acute hypercapnic respiratory failure, is HFNC an effective alternative to NIV in reducing the need for intubation? Methods We sear…
Mass Output and Particle Size Distribution of Glucocorticosteroids Emitted from Different Inhalation Devices Depending on Various Inspiratory Paramet…
2002
Efficient inhalation therapy depends on successful delivery of the drug to the lung. The efficacy of drug delivery is not only influenced by the characteristics of the inhalation device, but also by the patient's handling of the device and by the inspiratory maneuver achieved through the device. We analyzed the output characteristics of three different chlorofluorocarbon (CFC)-free breath-actuated inhalers for inhaled glucocorticosteroids (BUD Turbohaler, FP Diskus/Accuhaler and HFA-BDP Autohaler, respectively). Mass output and particle size distribution of drug aerosol delivered by the inhalers were determined depending on different inhalation parameters in vitro using an Andersen cascade …
GINA 2019: a fundamental change in asthma management
2019
GINA no longer recommends treating adults/adolescents with asthma with short-acting bronchodilators alone. Instead, they should receive symptom-driven (in mild asthma) or a daily corticosteroid-containing inhaler, to reduce risk of severe exacerbations.http://bit.ly/310LLzE
Tiotropium add-on therapy reduces seasonal peaks of asthma worsening in adults with symptomatic severe asthma
2019
Despite the use of preferred controller therapies (including inhaled corticosteroids [ICS] with or without additional long-acting β2-agonists [LABAs]), a large proportion of patients with asthma have poor disease control, leaving them at risk of recurring symptoms and episodes of asthma exacerbations and worsening [1, 2]. Such problems can be triggered by many different environmental factors including pollutants, respiratory infections or allergens [3]. They may occur sporadically, but are often determined by seasons, mirroring seasonal patterns of allergen exposure and prevalence of respiratory viral infection [3, 4]. They can cause reduced quality of life, increase asthma burden [2, 3], a…
The Treatment of Mild and Moderate Asthma in Adults
2020
BACKGROUND: Asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disease that usually causes variable airway obstruction. It affects 5–10% of the German population. METHODS: This review is based on relevant publications retrieved by a selective search, as well as on national and international guidelines on the treatment of mild and moderate asthma in adults. RESULTS: The goal of treatment is to attain optimal asthma control with a minimal risk of exacerbations and mortality, loss of pulmonary function, and drug side effects. This can be achieved with a combination of pharmacotherapy and non-drug treatment including patient education, exercise, smoking cessation, and rehabilitation. Pharmacohterapy is ba…