Search results for "Innocence"
showing 10 items of 11 documents
The presumption of innocence in the EU competition law
2022
This Bachelor thesis aims to analyse the application of the presumption of innocence in the EU competition law, more precisely in the anti-cartel proceedings. In addition, this thesis will provide the analysis of the categorisation of the competition law. This, in turn, is a topical debate due to the fact that in competition law the penalties are comparable to criminal charges notwithstanding the administrative procedure. The thesis will try to answer the question “To what extent is the presumption of innocence applied in the EU anti-cartel procedure?”. This paper's primary objective is to identify the procedural rights of cartel members, analyse their implementation, and emphasise any pote…
Presumption of Innocence and Deterrence
2018
This paper deals with the presumption of innocence and the law enforcer's incentives to exert investigative effort. Our main result is that, even if the presumption of guilt maximizes deterrence for a given effort by the law enforcer, divergent objectives between the law enforcer (who maximizes the probability of a conviction weighted by the magnitude of the sanction and the type of the citizen) and the public decision-maker (who minimizes social costs) may lead the latter to prefer the presumption of innocence. Indeed, the presumption of innocence may induce the law enforcer to increase investigative efforts thereby improving deterrence. As a consequence, if the law enforcer's effort is re…
Stolen innocence? Observance of the EU Directive on presumption of innocence by Spanish crime reporting
2021
This paper examines the compliance of Spanish crime reporting with the principles of the 2016 EU Directive on presumption of innocence, which aims at preventing the publication of information that might bias the public and the jurors against the suspect. A content analysis applied to a sample of 200 crime news stories published by eleven of the most popular print and online news platforms in 2018 reveals that the Spanish press coverage of crime is centered around the pre-trial and sentence stages, with little attention to the oral trial. The full name and the face portrait of the suspect appear in roughly one-third of the stories, but this overwhelmingly happens in news stories reporting on…
A critical analysis of corruption and anti-corruption policies in Italy
2020
Purpose This study aims to critically analyse the Law 9 January 2019, n. 3, on “Measures to fight crimes against the public administration and on the transparency of political parties and movements” (so-called bribe-destroyer law). Design/methodology/approach This paper draws on reports, legal scholarship and other open-source data to examine a legislative innovation for the corruption in Italy in relation to the general guarantees of the trial process and with the controversial paradigm of the national perception index of bribery. Findings The Italian legislative initiative that will be examined is innovative in nature and goes beyond the constitutional and conventional principles on proc…
Elogi de la diferència : els monstres innocents de Teresa Colom
2019
Aquest article analitza l'element sobrenatural en La senyoreta Keaton i altres bèsties, un recull de contes de Teresa Colom, amb una especial atenció en els personatges dels nens, els quals tenen algun tret que els fa diferents i els emparenta amb la figura del monstre. Partint de la distinció entre el fantàstic clàssic i el fantàstic del segle XX, estudiarem el concepte de realitat en l'obra, una realitat més oberta en què s'han superat els límits de la raó amb la inclusió dels somnis, l'art i el llenguatge. Tot seguit, ens centrarem en dues característiques definitòries d'aquestes bèsties: la innocència inherent, sense prejudicis, així com el tipus de relació -d'una banda, assimilació i n…
La contribución canónica a la salvaguarda de la paz en la Edad Media: el IV Concilio de Letrán (1215)
2016
El presente artículo analiza –como reza su propio título– la contribución canónica a la salvaguarda de la paz en la Edad Media, prestando particular atención al IV Concilio de Letrán (1215). El objetivo del Derecho medieval consistía en la promoción del orden y la paz social, pero ésta se fundaba en la justicia y la verdad. Todo atentado que revistiera un mínimo de gravedad contra estos dos pilares (justicia y verdad) era objeto de respuesta inmediata por el Derecho medieval en general, y por su ordenamiento penal en particular. Aunque ambos Derechos penales –tanto el secular como el canónico– tiraban, en buena medida, hacia la misma dirección, contando con normas jurídicas y jurisdicciones…
Correctness of judicial information and impartiality of the judge: the distortions of the media criminal trial
2022
This analysis, which focuses on the difficult relationship between criminal justice and judicial information, examines only some of the most controversial aspects, starting with an undisputed premise, namely that over time the function of communication in judicial matters has changed, evolving from informative to formative. I will reflect on the hiatus between the real justice as exercised in courtrooms and justice perceived by the public through media narratives, paying particular attention to the distortions of the so-called media trial and the resulting bias in the exercise of judicial power. Finally, we will consider possible solutions, which, in a perspective of striking a balance betw…
The defendant’s guilt beyond a reasonable doubt in the Italian criminal justice system
2021
The criminal law standard of Beyond A Reasonable Doubt (BARD) constitutes an evidentiary and judicial rule, formulated and applied for centuries in common law jurisdictions, which was expressly stated in the Italian Code of Criminal Procedure only about fifteen years ago. Unfortunately, the concept of reasonable doubt is inherently complex and does not easily lend itself to definition or refinement. In this regard, the Author examines especially the various positions and elaborations developed by legal literature and case-law in Italy, proposing a specific interpretation of the BARD rule that enhances and completes the particular procedural connotations of the adversarial system adopted i…
La detención preventiva y la libertad personal en la práctica del Tribunal Especial para el Líbano
2010
The present article analyzes the order CH/PTJ/09/06, issued by the Special Tribunal for Lebanon, on 29 April 2009, in terms of pre-trial detention, personal freedom, presumption of innocence and right to a fair and expeditious trial. From this point of view the article extend the reflection in considering the principal acts delivered by the Tribunal – Rules of Procedure and Evidence, Rules on Detention, Prosecutor’s applications and Pre-Trial Judge’s decisions – appraising its deep and concrete contribution in human rights protection. El presente artículo hace un análisis de la orden CH/PTJ/09/06 dictada por el Tribunal Especial para el Líbano con fecha de 29 de abril de 2009, referido espe…
Syyllisyyden kirjoittuminen rikoksesta epäillyn kuulustelukertomukseen
2020
How guilt or innocence is constructed in Finnish suspects written police records
 The present study focuses on written police records in Finland. The aim is to investigate how guilt or innocence is constructed in written police records. The research data contains 168 copy of suspects police records from Helsinki, Tampere and Turku police departments. Police records are being analyzed by using the discursive and linguistic approach. The results show that there are nine discursive categories in which guilt is constructed. The results also show that there are three types of metafunctions in which guilt is constructed: content, interaction and linguistic presentation. All them together con…