Search results for "Insect"

Kairomonal effect of walking traces from Euschistus heros (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) on two strains of Telenomus podisi (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae)

2003

.  The semiochemical cues used by geographically isolated strains of the parasitoid, Telenomus podisi (Ashmed), to find eggs of the stink bug Euschistus heros were investigated. Two strains of Te. podisi, maintained on eggs of a South American host (E. heros) were studied. One parasitoid strain originated from specimens collected near Brasilia, Brazil (SA strain), and a second strain originated from specimens collected at Beltsville, Maryland (NA strain). Cold tolerance tests of adults from the NA and SA Te. podisi strains, analyses of the cuticular hydrocarbons between the two strains, and crossing experiments between strains each indicated consistent differences between the NA and SA stra…

Source of the host marking pheromone in the egg parasitoid Trissolcus basalis (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae).

2001

After oviposition, Trissolcus basalis females always mark the host's surface, depositing host marking substances for herself and to warn other ovipositing females. The perception of these host marking substances, probably through the antennae, can induce the female to leave and seek healthy hosts. Parasitoid females exposed to conspecific parasitized egg masses left the host egg masses significantly more often than when exposed to non-parasitized egg masses. More egg mass leaving behavior also was observed when the egg masses were treated with Dufour's gland secretion but not when treated with secretion from the common oviducts. The common oviduct has a secretory epithelium that produces el…

Corrigendum to “Uncovering deep mysteries: The underwater life of an amphibious louse” [Journal of Insect Physiology 71 (2014) 164–169]

2015

(Z)-dodec-3-en-1-ol, a novel termite trail pheromone identified after solid phase microextraction from Macrotermes annandalei

2001

0022-1910 (Print) Journal Article; (Z)-dodec-3-en-1-ol was isolated and identified by GC-MS as the major component of the trail-following pheromone from whole body and sternal gland extracts of workers of the fungus-growing termite, Macrotermes annandalei (Silvestri) (Termitidae, Macrotermitinae). For the first time, this trail pheromone was also identified by using solid phase microextraction from the surface of the secretory sternal gland of workers. Bioassays showed that synthetic dodecenol induced both orientation and recruitment behavioral effects. The activity threshold of (Z)-dodec-3-en-1-ol in eliciting trail-following is similar to that of (3Z,6Z,8E)-dodeca-3,6,8-trien-1-ol in the …

Review of the shore-fly genus Oedenopiforma (Diptera: Ephydridae)

2012

The shore-fly genus Oedenopiforma Cogan is reviewed, including new information on Oedenopiforma argentea (distribution), Oedenopiforma javana (comb. nov. and O. orientalis syn. nov.), and Oedenopiforma vockerothi (sp. nov. from United Arab Emirates). Structures of the male terminalia of these three species, a diagnosis of the genus, and a key to the included genera of Dryxini and species of Oedenopiforma are presented. Resume´—Nous revisons le genre Oedenopiforma Cogan chez les ephydrides et apportons de nouvelles informations sur Oedenopiforma argentea (repartition), Oedenopiforma javana (nouvelle combinaison et O. orientalis nouvelle synonymie )e tOedenopiforma vockerothi (nouvelle espece…

Energy metabolism and metabolic rate of the alder leaf beetle Agelastica alni (L.) (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) under aerobic and anaerobic conditions…

2003

In early fall, adult alder leaf beetles (Agelastica alni L.) retreat, for overwintering, to the top layer of the soil near their forage trees where the ground gets easily waterlogged so that the beetles will be submerged and cut off from atmospheric oxygen. Hence, unlike most other adult insects, alder leaf beetles encounter hypoxia/anoxia in their natural habitat and this may occur at moderate temperature. Exposing beetles to pure nitrogen gas at 20 degrees C had similar behavioral and metabolic effects as submerging them in water, causing rapid immobility and increasing the content of lactate about sevenfold to some 5mgr;molg(-1) body weight during 10h anoxia. Recovery from 10 h hypoxia/a…

Invasive Alien Plants in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Review and Synthesis of Their Insecticidal Activities

2021

Despite the cornucopia of agricultural, economic and ecological ramifications of invasive alien plant species (IAPs) in sub-Saharan Africa, studies on their potential use as bio-insecticides have not received adequate attention compared to the burgeoning plethora of literature on their use in ethnomedicine. In the current study, we review the existing, but scattered literature on the insecticidal activity of different parts of some IAPs; specifically those invasive in sub-Saharan Africa but with published literature from Africa and elsewhere. From our literature survey, we found that 69 studies from four continents (Africa, Asia, North America and South America) reported the insecticidal ac…

Female Attraction Behaviour of Radio Tagged Polyterritorial Pied Flycatcher Males

1993

AbstractPolygynous mating is costly for pied flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca) females. Thus, females have a good reason to attempt to avoid mating with already mated polyterritorial males. One cue to disclose a male's mating status is his behaviour. The behaviour of polyterritorial and unmated males was studied by radio tagging that allows accurate recording of male movements. While attracting a secondary female polyterritorial males spent significantly less time on the secondary territory than did unmated males on their single territory. Polyterritorial males also tended to have lower song rates. When a female appeared on the secondary territory of polyterritorial males, they increased the …

4-Hydroxy-5-methyl-3(2H)-furanone and 4-Hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone, Two Components of the Male Sex Pheromone ofEurycotis floridana(Walker) (…

1993

In Eurycotis floridana, male calling behavior is associated with the sex pheromone released by the anterior part of tergites. 2, 7, and 8. Glandular extracts of tergite 7 revealed a characteristic odor of caramel which is attractive at a distance for the females. We identified the two compounds responsible for this odor, 4-hydroxy-5-methyl-3(2H)-furanone and 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone. These compounds are known to be very important as flavor components of foods, but this is the first time that they have been. identified as natural insect products. Various amounts of the identified compounds were tested, and their biological function is discussed.

Isolation and characterisation of a bacterial strain degrading the herbicide sulcotrione from an agricultural soil

2011

BACKGROUND: The dissipation kinetics of the herbicide sulcotrione sprayed 4 times on a French soil was studied using a laboratory microcosm approach. An advanced cultivation-based method was then used to isolate the bacteria responsible for biotransformation of sulcotrione. Chromatographic methods were employed as complementary tools to define its metabolic pathway. RESULTS: Soil microflora was able quickly to biotransform the herbicide (DT50 ≈ 8 days). 2-Chloro-4-mesylbenzoic acid, one of its main metabolites, was clearly detected. However, no accelerated biodegradation process was observed. Eight pure sulcotrione-resistant strains were isolated, but only one (1OP) was capable of degrading…