Search results for "Instrumentation"

Synchronization of Two Photoelastic Light Modulators to Obtain Müeller Matrix

2013

We report a method for the temporal synchronization of two photoelastic light modulators. For synchronizing, we used the transistor-transistor logic output signals from each modulator, which contain the information on the light polarization. These signals were introduced in a phase-detector circuit, which provided the phase difference value between both modulators. Three optical devices were used to test the synchronization method proposed: a polarizer, a half-wave, and a quarter-wave retarder plate. The value of each of the elements of the Mueller matrix for these devices was obtained using the method of the 36 measurements. The results show a high correlation between the theoretical and e…

Investigation of the influence of light illumination on the characteristics of CdZnTe detectors

2011

The spectral response of optical transmittance, spectrometry characteristics, output signal shapes and leakage currents of CdZnTe detectors with plane parallel electrodes under illumination with light within wavelength region of 400 – 1100 nm are presented.

Comparison of Silicon Photomultiplier Characteristics using Automated Test Setups

2016

Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPM) are photo-sensors consisting of an array of hundreds to thousands pixels with a typical pitch of 10-100 μm. They exhibit an excellent photon counting and time resolution. Therefore applications of SiPMs are emerging in many fields. In order to characterize SiPMs, the PRISMA Detector Lab at Mainz has established three automated test setups. Setup-A is dedicated to measure the gain, the dark count rate and the optical crosstalk probability. The temperature dependencies are characterized by operating the setup in a climate chamber. Setup-B is an optical system to measure the photon detection efficiency. Setup-C addresses the most challenging aspect of comparing …

Design, Construction and Performance of the Detector for UFFO Burst Alert & Trigger Telescope

2013

One of the key aspects of the upcoming Ultra-Fast Flash Observatory (UFFO) pathfinder for Gamma Ray Bursts (GRBs) identification is the UFFO Burst Alert & Trigger Telescope (UBAT). The scientific propose of UBAT is to detect and locate as fast as possible the GRBs in the sky. This is achieved by using a coded mask aperture camera scheme with a wide field of view (FOV) and selecting a X-ray detector of high quantum efficiency and large detection area. This X-ray detector of high quantum efficiency and large detection area is called the UBAT detector. The UBAT detector consists of 48 × 48 Yttrium Oxyorthosilicate (YSO) scintillator crystal arrays and Multi Anode Photomultiplier Tubes (MAPMTs)…

The antares neutrino detector instrumentation

2012

ANTARES is actually the fully operational and the largest neutrino telescope in the Northern hemisphere. Located in the Mediterranean Sea, it consists of a 3D array of 885 photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) arranged in 12 detection lines (25 storeys each), able to detect the Cherenkov light induced by upgoing relativistic muons produced in the interaction of high energy cosmic neutrinos with the detector surroundings. Among its physics goals, the search for neutrino astrophysical sources and the indirect detection of dark matter particles coming from the sun are of particular interest. To reach these goals, good accuracy in track reconstruction is mandatory, so several calibration systems for tim…

DOI measurement with monolithic scintillation crystals: A primary performance evaluation

2007

We report a first assessment of image quality enhancement achieved by the implementation of depth of interaction detection with monolithic crystals. The method of interaction depth measurement is based on analogue computation of the standard deviation with an enhanced charge divider readout. This technique of depth of interaction detection was developed in order to provide fast and determination of this parameter at a reasonable increase of detector cost. The detector consists of an large-sized monolithic scintillator coupled to a position sensitive photomultiplier tube. A special design feature is the flat-topped pyramidal shape of the crystal. This reduces image compression near the edges…

2021

Abstract IceCube is a cubic-kilometer Cherenkov telescope operating at the South Pole. The main goal of IceCube is the detection of astrophysical neutrinos and the identification of their sources. High-energy muon neutrinos are observed via the secondary muons produced in charge current interactions with nuclei in the ice. Currently, the best performing muon track directional reconstruction is based on a maximum likelihood method using the arrival time distribution of Cherenkov photons registered by the experiment's photomultipliers. A known systematic shortcoming of the prevailing method is to assume a continuous energy loss along the muon track. However at energies >1 TeV the light yie…

Deep sea tests of a prototype of the KM3NeT digital optical module: KM3NeT Collaboration

2014

The first prototype of a photo-detection unit of the future KM3NeT neutrino telescope has been deployed in the deep waters of the Mediterranean Sea. This digital optical module has a novel design with a very large photocathode area segmented by the use of 31 three inch photomultiplier tubes. It has been integrated in the ANTARES detector for in-situ testing and validation. This paper reports on the first months of data taking and rate measurements. The analysis results highlight the capabilities of the new module design in terms of background suppression and signal recognition. The directionality of the optical module enables the recognition of multiple Cherenkov photons from the same $^{40…

Resolution changes of MCP-PMTs in magnetic fields

2016

Micro-channel plate photomultiplier tubes (MCP-PMTs) are chosen in many applications that have to cope with strong magnetic fields. The DIRC detectors of the PANDA experiment plan to employ them as they show excellent timing characteristics, radiation hardness, relatively low dark count rates and sufficient lifetime. This article mainly focuses on the performance of the position reconstruction of detected photons. Two different MCP-PMTs with segmented anode geometries have been tested in magnetic fields of different strengths. The variation of their performance has been studied. The measurements show improved position resolution and image shifts with increasing magnetic field strength.

A Disc-DIRC Cherenkov detector with high resolution micro channel plate photomultiplier tubes

2014

The upcoming PANDA Experiment at FAIR in Germany will be equipped with a novel Cherenkov detector type for high-energy particle identification. This very compact Disc-DIRC detector uses a large disc-shaped fused silica plate of 2 cm thickness as its Cherenkov radiator. The internally reflected Cherenkov light is transported to the rim of the disc where it is focused by quartz light guides onto microchannel plate photomultiplier tubes (MCP-PMTs) with high spatial resolution (pitch 0.5 mm) and high time resolution (σ ≈ 100 ps). The device has an active area of about 3 m2 and will be able to identify pions and kaons with a separation power of more than 3σ in the momentum range up to 4 GeV/c. I…