Search results for "Instrumentation"

showing 10 items of 4914 documents

Photodetachment of F− by short laser pulses. Comparison between experiments and numerical results

2009

Recently, angle-resolved photoelectron spectra have been measured by exposing negative F− ions to linearly or circularly polarized infrared femtosecond laser fields. We compare the experimental results with numerical calculations carried out in the framework of a Keldysh-type theory modified to account for both the time shape and the spatial inhomogeneity of the pulse. In order to account for the finite duration of the laser pulse, our results have been obtained through calculations of photodetachment probabilities. By using the saddle-point method it is possible to show that the transition amplitude may be written as a coherent sum of terms giving rise to interferences. This circumstance s…

PhysicsQuantum opticsFar-infrared laserPhotoionizationCondensed Matter PhysicsLaserIndustrial and Manufacturing EngineeringAtomic and Molecular Physics and Opticslaw.inventionPulse (physics)AmplitudelawFemtosecondTime domainAtomic physicsInstrumentationLaser Physics
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Direct detection of the 229Th nuclear clock transition

2017

Today’s most precise time and frequency measurements are performed with optical atomic clocks. However, it has been proposed that they could potentially be outperformed by a nuclear clock, which employs a nuclear transition instead of an atomic shell transition. There is only one known nuclear state that could serve as a nuclear clock using currently available technology, namely, the isomeric first excited state of 229Th (denoted 229mTh). Here we report the direct detection of this nuclear state, which is further confirmation of the existence of the isomer and lays the foundation for precise studies of its decay parameters. On the basis of this direct detection, the isomeric energy is const…

PhysicsQuantum opticsMultidisciplinaryPhysics - Instrumentation and Detectors010308 nuclear & particles physicsNuclear TheoryElectronvoltFOS: Physical sciencesInstrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)Frequency standardLaser01 natural sciencesAtomic clockComputational physicslaw.inventionlawExcited state0103 physical sciencesMicrochannel plate detectorNuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)Nuclear Experiment010306 general physicsNuclear ExperimentExcitation
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Searches for heavy long-lived sleptons and R-hadrons with the ATLAS detector in pp collisions at

2013

A search for long-lived particles is performed using a data sample of 4.7 fb(-1) from proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy. root s = 7 TeV collected by the ATLAS detector at the LHC. No excess is observed above the estimated background and lower limits, at 95% confidence level, are set on the mass of the long-lived particles in different scenarios, based on their possible interactions in the inner detector, the calorimeters and the muon spectrometer. Long-lived staus in gauge-mediated SUSY-breaking models are excluded up to a mass of 300 GeV for tan beta = 5-20. Directly produced long-lived sleptons are excluded up to a mass of 278 GeV. R-hadrons, composites of gluino (stop, …

PhysicsQuarkNuclear and High Energy PhysicsParticle physicsGluinoLarge Hadron Collider010308 nuclear & particles physicsPhysics::Instrumentation and Detectors530 PhysicsHadronDetectorHigh Energy Physics::Phenomenology7. Clean energy01 natural sciencesNuclear physicsPionR-hadronHADRON-HADRON COLLISIONS0103 physical sciencesHigh Energy Physics::Experiment010306 general physicsNuclear ExperimentSUPERSYMMETRYLepton
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Parton showers from the dipole formalism

2007

We present an implementation of a parton shower algorithm for hadron colliders and electron-positron colliders based on the dipole factorisation formulae. The algorithm treats initial-state partons on equal footing with final-state partons. We implemented the algorithm for massless and massive partons.

PhysicsQuarkNuclear and High Energy PhysicsParticle physicsPhysics::Instrumentation and DetectorsHigh Energy Physics::PhenomenologyFOS: Physical sciencesPartonGluonNuclear physicsMassless particleHigh Energy Physics - PhenomenologyDipoleHigh Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)FactorizationPhysics::Accelerator PhysicsHigh Energy Physics::ExperimentInvariant massNuclear ExperimentParton showerPhysical Review D
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Measurement of Spin Correlation in Top-Antitop Quark Events and Search for Top Squark Pair Production inppCollisions ats=8  TeVUsing the ATLAS Detect…

2015

A measurement of spin correlation in t (t) over bar production is presented using data collected with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass ...

PhysicsQuarkParticle physicsLarge Hadron ColliderPhysics::Instrumentation and Detectors010308 nuclear & particles physicsNuclear TheoryTevatronGeneral Physics and AstronomySuperpartnerSupersymmetry01 natural sciencesNuclear physicsPair production0103 physical sciencesNeutralinoPhysics::Accelerator PhysicsHigh Energy Physics::ExperimentNuclear Experiment010306 general physicsLeptonPhysical Review Letters
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High-precision atomic mass measurements for a CKM unitarity test

2013

Abstract The Cabibbo–Kobayashi–Maskawa (CKM) quark-mixing matrix describes the transformation of quarks from weak-force eigenstates to mass eigenstates. The most contributing element in this matrix is the up-down matrix element V ud , derived in most precise way from the nuclear beta decays and in particular, from decays having superallowed 0 +  → 0 + decay branch. What high-precision mass spectrometry community can offer are decay energies of such decays derived from parent–daughter mass differences, which are ideally, and in almost all cases, determined with Penning trap mass spectrometry directly from parent–daughter cyclotron frequency ratio. Typically frequency (and thus mass) ratios a…

PhysicsQuarkParticle physicsta114UnitarityHigh Energy Physics::PhenomenologyCyclotronCondensed Matter PhysicsMass spectrometryPenning trapAtomic masslaw.inventionNuclear physicsMatrix (mathematics)lawHigh Energy Physics::ExperimentPhysical and Theoretical ChemistryInstrumentationSpectroscopyEigenvalues and eigenvectorsInternational Journal of Mass Spectrometry
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Silicon photomultiplier properties at cryogenic temperatures

2015

Abstract The properties of different types of silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) were studied at cryogenic temperatures. In liquid nitrogen at 77 K, problems with quenching in Hamamatsu SiPMs and with the protective epoxy layer, covering Zecotek SiPMs, were observed. Tests with one Zecotek SiPM were successful after removal of the epoxy layer. In liquid helium at 4 K, fast signals with pulse lengths shorter than 50 ns were observed, the dark count rate was below 10 Hz and no after-pulses were detected. The gain, as a function of over-voltage, was comparable to room temperature. The SiPM׳s response to photons was found to be linear with intensity for low light levels and single-photon detectio…

PhysicsQuenchingNuclear and High Energy PhysicsPhotonbusiness.industryLiquid heliumEpoxyLiquid nitrogenlaw.inventionSilicon photomultiplierOpticslawvisual_artvisual_art.visual_art_mediumOptoelectronicsbusinessInstrumentationIntensity (heat transfer)Dark currentNuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment
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Technology of p-type microstrip detectors with radiation hard p-spray, p-stop and moderated p-spray insulations

2007

5 pages, 8 figures.-- PACS nrs.: 29.40.Gx; 29.40.-- ISI Article Identifier: 000249604700010.

PhysicsRadiation hardnessNuclear and High Energy PhysicsFabricationbusiness.industryDetectorCapacitanceMicrostripMicrostrip detectorsSuper-LHCInsulationCalibrationOptoelectronicsbusiness[PACS] Tracking and position-sensitive detectorsInstrumentationRadiation hardeningDiodeVoltage
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A calorimeter for the precise determination of the activity of the 144Ce-144Pr anti-neutrino source in the SOX experiment

2018

We describe the design and the performance of a high precision thermal calorimeter, whose purpose was the measurement of the total activity of the 144Ce-144Pr anti-neutrino source of the SOX (Short distance neutrino Oscillation with BoreXino) experiment. SOX aimed at the search for eV-scale sterile neutrinos by means of the Borexino detector at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso in Italy and of a very powerful artificial anti-neutrino source located at 8.51 m from the detector center. In order to obtain the required sensitivity, the activity of the source (approximately 150 kCi) had to be known at 1% precision. In this work we report the design of the experimental apparatus and the res…

PhysicsRadiation monitoringPhysics::Instrumentation and Detectors010308 nuclear & particles physicsDetector01 natural sciencesParticle detectorCalorimeterNuclear physicsCalorimetersNeutrino detectorMockup0103 physical sciencesHigh Energy Physics::ExperimentNeutrinoCalorimeters; Radiation monitoring; Instrumentation; Mathematical Physics010306 general physicsNeutrino oscillationInstrumentationMathematical PhysicsBorexinoJournal of Instrumentation
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Three-dimensional axisymmetric cloak based on the cancellation of acoustic scattering from a sphere.

2013

This Letter presents the design, fabrication, and experimental characterization of a directional threedimensional acoustic cloak for airborne sound. The cloak consists of 60 concentric acoustically rigid tori surrounding the cloaked object, a sphere of radius 4 cm. The major radii and positions of the tori along the symmetry axis are determined using the condition of complete cancellation of the acoustic field scattered from the sphere. They are obtained through an optimization technique that combines genetic algorithm and simulated annealing. The scattering cross section of the sphere with the cloak, which is the magnitude that is minimized, is calculated using the method of fundamental so…

PhysicsRadiationDesignScatteringbusiness.industryAcoustic cloaksRotational symmetryCloakPhysics::OpticsGeneral Physics and AstronomyTorusRadiusSymmetry (physics)TECNOLOGIA ELECTRONICAOpticsFISICA APLICADAMethod of fundamental solutionsbusinessAcoustical measurements and instrumentationPhysical review letters
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