Search results for "Insula"
showing 10 items of 735 documents
N-Acetylaspartate/Creatine and Choline/Creatine Ratios in the Thalami, Insular Cortex and White Matter as Markers of Hypertension and Cognitive Impai…
2008
International audience; Abstract: Our objective was to investigate the influence of hypertension on N-acetylaspartate (NAA) and choline (Cho) ratios in brain tissues in a community-dwelling elderly population. Brain flexibility was also evaluated with regard to the same metabolite ratios. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and the Trail Making Test (TMT) were performed in 80 subjects (75.7 +/- 4 years old) from the Three-City Study. Fifty-eight participants had hypertension. The NAA/creatine (Cr) and Cho/Cr ratios were obtained in the insular cortex, the thalami and the deep periventricular white matter. In addition, the B-A score of the TMT was evaluated. Uniand multi-variate ana…
Macaque remains from the early Pliocene of the Iberian Peninsula
2018
Macaques dispersed out of Africa into Eurasia in the framework of a broader intercontinental faunal exchange that coincided in time with the sea level drop associated with the Messinian Salinity Crisis. They are first recorded in Europe (Italy and Spain) by the latest Miocene, being subsequently recorded all over Europe, albeit sparsely, throughout the Pliocene and Pleistocene. These fossil European macaques are attributed to several (sub)species of the extant Barbary macaque (Macaca sylvanus). In Iberia, fossil macaques are best documented by Macaca sylvanus florentina from various Early Pleistocene sites, whereas their published Pliocene record is very scarce. Here we report the oldest po…
Early emergence of deviant frontal fMRI activity for phonological processes in poor beginning readers.
2010
Phonological awareness refers to the ability to perceive and manipulate the sound structure of language and is especially important when children learn to read. Poor phonological awareness is considered the major cause for the emergence of reading difficulties. In this functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study, we examined the brain correlates of phonological processing in young beginning readers (aged 8.3+/-0.4 y, 2nd grade) with poor (25th percentile) or normal, age-appropriate reading skills (40th percentile) using a covert reading and mental letter substitution task. Letter substitution in words and nonwords induced pronounced activity in a left frontal language network related…
Factors affecting between-lake variation in the occurrence of epidermal papillomatosis in roach,Rutilus rutilus(L.)
2009
The theory of island biogeography predicts that the probability of a species occupying an island depends on a dynamic equilibrium between extinction and colonization. Epidermal papillomatosis is a disease manifesting as skin tumours on fish. We studied the factors affecting the occurrence of the disease in roach, Rutilus rutilus (L.), in 34 lakes. The results of discrimination analysis suggest that maximum depth, percentage of the drainage area of the lake covered by lakes in the vicinity and altitude best identified diseased lakes. Comparison of diseased and non-diseased lakes revealed that lake area could also be regarded as a variable contributing to the occurrence of the disease. The sa…
Sporadic Parkinson disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis complex (Brait-Fahn-Schwartz disease).
2012
Clinical evidence for parkinsonism may accompany Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis with a frequency ranging from 5% to 17%. The concurrence of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Parkinson's disease, outside the known Guam and Kii Peninsula foci, is instead rare, but this raises the possibility of a common pathogenesis. Clinically this complex presents with a levodopa-responsive parkinsonism and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and has been termed Brait-Fahn-Schwartz disease. Here we describe two patients with this uncommon neurodegenerative complex. Both presented with Parkinson disease and progressed to a full blown Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. We further suggest that the association of Parkinso…
Moors and Saracens in Europe: estimating the medieval North African male legacy in southern Europe.
2009
To investigate the male genetic legacy of the Arab rule in southern Europe during medieval times, we focused on specific Northwest African haplogroups and identified evolutionary close STR-defined haplotypes in Iberia, Sicily and the Italian peninsula. Our results point to a higher recent Northwest African contribution in Iberia and Sicily in agreement with historical data, southern Italian regions known to have experienced long-term Arab presence also show an enrichment of Northwest African types. The forensic and genomic implications of these findings are discussed.
A basal ganglia-like cortical-amygdalar-hypothalamic network mediates feeding behavior.
2020
International audience; The network connecting the insular cortex, the central nucleus of the amygdala, and a caudal hypothalamic nuclear complex including the parasubthalamic nucleus (PSTN) is of interest due to its role in controlling feeding behavior. Here, we show that the organization of this network is similar to that of the basal ganglia network, implying that both fit within a simplified structural plan of the forebrain. Then, we demonstrate that the PSTN complex modulates behavior in response to hedonic factors normally inducing a “reward effect.” The PSTN complex is involved in a “non-feed” response equivalent of a “non-reward” evaluation: “I don’t want to consume this food, recog…
Effects of electrical stimulation in vestibular cortex areas in humans.
2010
The case of a patient with focal epilepsy is reported who underwent presurgical evaluation by stereotactic intracranial electroencephalographic (EEG) recording. A subdural semi-grid electrode, consisting of three multi-channel strip electrodes, was implanted over the temporal lobe and temporo-occipital region; one multi-channel depth electrode was applied towards the posterior insular cortex. During electrical stimulation and EEG monitoring eye movements were recorded by 3-D video-oculography. Stimulation of the medial temporal gyrus induced blurring of vision and horizontal nystagmus. Stimulation of the superior temporal gyrus with low intensities also induced blurring of vision and a simi…
'Just can't hide it': a behavioral and lesion study on emotional response modulation after right prefrontal damage.
2015
INTRODUCTION: Historically, emotion regulation problems have been reported as a common consequence of rPFC damage. It has been proposed that the rPFC, particularly the rIFG, has a key role inhibiting prepotent reflexive actions, thus contributing to emotion regulation and self-regulation. This study is the first to directly explore this hypothesis, by testing whether damage to the rIFG compromises the voluntary modulation of emotional responses, and whether performance on inhibition tasks is associated with emotion regulation. Method: 10 individuals with unilateral right prefrontal damage and 15 matched healthy controls were compared on a well-known response modulation task. During the task…
Clinical presentation of strokes confined to the insula: a systematic review of literature
2021
Abstract Background and purpose The insular cortex serves a wide variety of functions in humans, ranging from sensory and affective processing to high-level cognition. Hence, insular dysfunction may result in several different presentations. Ischemic strokes limited to the insular territory are rare and deserve a better characterization, to be quickly recognized and to receive appropriate treatment (e.g. thrombolysis). Methods We reviewed studies on patients with a first-ever acute stroke restricted to the insula. We searched in the Medline database the keywords “insular stroke” and “insular infarction”, to identify previously published cases. Afterwards, the results were divided depending …