Search results for "Insulin"
showing 10 items of 1360 documents
Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I, Inflammatory Proteins, and Fibrosis in Subjects With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
2013
Inflammation may have a pathogenic role in the progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD); by contrast, the role of anti-inflammatory molecules has not been addressed. Low circulating levels of the anti-inflammatory molecule IGF-I have been described in subjects with NAFLD.The aim of the study was to elucidate the clinical significance of IGF-I in NAFLD and its relationship with inflammatory biomarkers and fibrosis.We conducted a cross-sectional study and in vitro experiments on hepatic HepG2 cells at the Internal Medicine and Gastrointestinal and Liver Units of the Universities of Catanzaro and Palermo.A total of 221 individuals with NAFLD diagnosed on ultrasonography (cohort …
Correlation between adrenal function, growth hormone secretion, and insulin sensitivity in children with idiopathic growth hormone deficiency
2017
Purpose Patients with growth hormone deficiency (GHD) demonstrate an increased cortisol/cortisone ratio which could potentially explain the metabolic features of GHD, while GH treatment (GHT) could increase the cortisol metabolism. Methods In 35 children (27 M, mean age 10.1 years) with idiopathic GHD at baseline and after 12 months of GHT and in 25 controls, in addition to metabolic parameters, we assessed adrenal function by morning serum cortisol, its peak, and its area under the curve (AUCCOR) during insulin tolerance test (ITT). Results A cortisol peak <18 µg/dl was shown in 22 and 31% of GHD children at baseline and after GHT, respectively. At baseline, GHD children had lower fasting …
Interleukin-6 gene promoter –174G/C polymorphism and insulin resistance: a pilot study
2007
Background: The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the relationship between interleukin-6 promoter -174G/C (IL-6 -174G/C) polymorphism and insulin resistance (IR) in obese patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). Methods: Twenty obese male patients with CHD were selected from a larger database of patients (n=606). IL-6 -174G/C genotype was previously analysed and only homozygotes with the CC genotype (n=10) or GG genotype (n=10) were selected. IR was measured using the homeostasis model assessment for IR (HOMA-IR) method. Results: Differences in age, body mass index, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglyceride (T…
Polymorphism in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ? gene influences the risk for Alzheimer?s disease
2003
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-alpha) is a member of the steroid hormone super family of ligand-inducible transcription factors, involved in glucose and lipid metabolism. We screened for polymorphisms in the PPAR-alpha gene and detected two known polymorphisms located in exon 5 and intron 7. These polymorphisms were investigated for their possible association with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and for their effect in carriers of an insulin gene (INS) polymorphism. The PPAR-alpha C --G polymorphism in exon 5 (L162V) was associated with AD, in that the V-allele was more frequent in AD patients than in healthy subjects. Further data analysis revealed that carriers of an …
Effects of insulin-like growth factor I on the rates of glucose transport and utilization in rat skeletal muscle in vitro.
1992
1. The effects of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) on the rates of glucose transport and utilization and its interaction with insulin were investigated in rat soleus muscle in vitro. IGF-I increased the rates of glucose transport, lactate formation, glycogen synthesis and the flux of glucose to hexose monophosphate, but it had no effect on the rate of glucose oxidation or glycogenolysis. 2. In the absence of insulin, low levels of IGF-I (0-30 ng/ml) increased the rate of glycolysis and the content of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate, but the content of glucose 6-phosphate remained unaltered; at higher levels of IGF-I (300-3000 ng/ml) the rate of glycolysis and the content of fructose 2,6-bisph…
Psychological insulin resistance in geriatric patients with diabetes mellitus.
2013
To determine the extent to which geriatric patients with diabetes mellitus experience psychological insulin resistance (PIR).A total of 67 unselected geriatric patients with diabetes (mean age 82.8±6.7 years, diabetes duration 12.2 [0.04-47.2] years, 70.1% female) were recruited in a geriatric care center of a university hospital. A comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) was performed including WHO-5, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Barthel-Index. We assessed PIR using the Barriers of Insulin Treatment Questionnaire (BIT) and the Insulin Treatment Appraisal Scale in a face-to-face interview.Insulin-naïve patients (INP) showed higher P…
Impact of insulin resistance on cardiac and vascular function.
2016
Background Insulin resistance (IR), constitutes an important cardiovascular risk factor and can cause ischemic heart disease. It can lead to left ventricular dysfunction with a mechanism independent of ischemic heart disease and it is closely associated with impaired vascular function. The aim of our study was to explore the impact of IR on cardiac and vascular function, in patients with cardiovascular risk factors but angiographically undamaged coronary arteries. Methods We studied 32 patients (62.06 ± 11.19 years) with cardiovascular risk factors. All patients underwent coronary angiography, echocardiography, Doppler ultrasound of carotid arteries and laboratory tests. Exclusion criteria …
Comparison between euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp and surrogate indices of insulin sensitivity in children with growth hormone deficiency
2018
Objective: Data about the impact of growth hormone treatment (GHT) on insulin sensitivity in children are quite controversial, due to the different surrogate indices that have been used. Design: We evaluated insulin sensitivity through the euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp, considered the gold standard technique, in 23 children affected by growth hormone deficiency (GHD) at baseline and after 12. months of GHT and in 12 controls with short stature at baseline, and we compared the clamp-derived index (M-value) with the most commonly used surrogate index of insulin sensitivity, as ISI Matsuda, and with circulating plasma markers of insulin sensitivity, as adiponectin and resistin levels. Resu…
Serum Sex Hormone–Binding Globulin and Cortisol Concentrations are Associated With Overreaching During Strenuous Military Training
2010
The purpose was (a) to study the effect of an 8-week Finnish military basic training period (BT) on physical fitness, body composition, mood state, and serum biochemical parameters among new conscripts; (b) to determine the incidence of overreaching (OR); and (c) to evaluate whether initial levels or training responses differ between OR and noOR subjects. Fifty-seven males (19.7 ± 0.3 years) were evaluated before and during BT. Overreaching subjects had to fulfill 3 of 5 criteria: decreased aerobic physical fitness (VO2max), increased rating of perceived exertion (RPE) in 45-minute submaximal test at 70% of VO2max or sick absence from these tests, increased somatic or emotional symptoms of …
Nonparenchymal cells in chronically hyperinsulinemic liver acini of diabetic rats, with special regard to hepatic stellate cells
1998
Abstract Background/Aims: An increase in proliferative activity and other distinct hepatocellular alterations — resembling preneoplastic foci and progressing to hepatocellular tumors — have been shown to develop in liver acini draining the blood from islets of Langerhans, transplanted through the portal vein into the liver of streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Methods: Altered and unaltered liver acini were investigated for possible changes in hepatic stellate cells 4–76 days after islet transplantation. Results: Corresponding to a significant increase in the hepatocellular volume, the volume density of total non-parenchymal cells was significantly reduced in altered compared to unaltered liver …