Search results for "Insulin"

Hypertension in the metabolic syndrome: Summary of the new position statement of the European Society of Hypertension

2009

Arterial hypertension is often part of a larger constellation of anthropometric and metabolic abnormalities that includes abdominal (or visceral) obesity, characteristic dyslipidemia (low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high triglycerides), glucose intolerance, insulin resistance and hyperuricemia. Using Adult Treatment Panel III criteria, prevalence is higher than in the general population and the metabolic syndrome (MS) can be found in as many as one third of patients. In hypertensives with MS, a high prevalence of hypertension-induced target organ damage and a negative prognostic value have been described. Dietary advice and life style changes should be strongly recommended and …

Manifestation of Diabetes Mellitus Type 1: A Questionnaire to Evaluate the Acceptance of Initial Intravenous Therapy

2014

For families suddenly confronted with the diagnosis of a lifelong chronic disease, implementing a continuous iv. infusion represents restriction of movement and possibly also a psychological burden. We designed a questionnaire to evaluate the perception of pediatric patients and their parents for this treatment as part of a diabetes manifestation. Patients and their parents treated in the diabetes outpatient clinic at children’s university hospital in Mainz were asked for their opinion about “iv. infusion” and “frequency of blood taking” during their first stay in the hospital upon manifestation of diabetes. They assigned scores from 1 to 10 for the following parameters: “delivery of diagno…

Circular dichroism studies on the interaction of sulfonylureas with insulin

1976

The interaction of 5 sulfonylurea derivatives with insuline was investigated by means of circular dichroism measurements. It was found that all sulfonylureas investigated decrease the ellipticity band of insulin at 208 nm, whereas the band at 222 nm remains unaffected. It is suggested that these observations are due to a change of the insulin conformation, provoked by the interaction of the drugs with insulin. It is assumed that such an effect on the insulin conformation can influence the binding properties of insulin, e.g. in respect to the insulin aggregation, to the binding to insulin antibodies and to a bound, inactive form of insulin in the plasma. Some other drugs have similar, but mo…

Experiences of First Insulin-Treated Patients (1922-1923).

2019

Background Historical description of first insulin trials just after its discovery. Areas of uncertainty The review includes first initiatives of insulin treatment. The probability of other trials, not reported to the Insulin Committee of the University of Toronto and conducted in the years 1922 and 1923, is quite low. Data sources (1) Archival Collections, University of Toronto: Insulin Discovery and Early Developments of Insulin (University of Toronto Libraries digital special collection, with a particular section entitled "From a Patient's Point of View" containing letters, patient charts, newspaper clippings, and photographs). (2) Thomas Fisher Rare Book Library: Academy of Medicine Col…

Introduction to the special issue: 2012 AE-PCOS meeting

2013

No abstract available

Editorial

2012

OBESITY: A NEW PATHOLOGY TO PAY ATTENTION TO IN YOUNG PEOPLE

2010

Obesity in young people is a form of malnutrition that is found more and more in industrialized countries known both for its association with obesity in adult age and the chronic-degenerate pathologies correlated to it. In 1998 in the United States the prevalence of obesity in 4-12 year olds was 22% for the Hispanics and Afro-Americans and 12.3% for the non Hispanic Caucasians Also in children as in adults, the consequence of obesity is hyperinsulinemia, in direct proportion to the body weight. In this review we discuss the effects of hyperinsulinemia and obesity in young people, and evaluated the difference of cardiovascular complication in young and in adults.

The Emerging Role of Dual GLP-1 and GIP Receptor Agonists in Glycemic Management and Cardiovascular Risk Reduction

2022

The incretin pathway is a self-regulating feedback system connecting the gut with the brain, pancreas, and liver. Its predominant action is on the postprandial glucose levels, with extraglycemic effects on fat metabolism and endovascular function. Of the two main incretin hormones released with food ingestion, the actions of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) have been exploited for therapeutic benefit. However, little attention has been paid to glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) until the recent experimental introduction of dual agonists, or "twincretins". Interestingly, simultaneous activation of both receptors is not only replicative of normal physiology, it seems to be an i…

Mitochondrial Toxicity in HAART: An Overview of In Vitro Evidence

2011

The combined antiretroviral therapeutic approach currently employed for the treatment of HIV infection, known as Higly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART), has dramatically reduced AIDS-related morbidity and mortality. However, the adverse reactions associated with the long term use of this therapy have now become a major issue and researchers have focused on understanding the cellular mechanisms underlying these drug-induced detrimental effects which englobe a large list of different events including rash and hypersensibility reactions, hepatotoxicity, metabolic disturbances including lipodystrophy, and other metabolic syndrome-like disturbances such as hyperlactatemia, hyperlipedimia, i…

Inositols in the ovaries: activities and potential therapeutic applications.

2022

Introduction: Myo-inositol (MI) and D-chiro-inositol (DCI) play a key role in ovarian physiology, as they are second messengers of insulin and gonadotropins. Ex-vivo and in-vitro experiments demonstrate that both isomers are deeply involved in steroid biosynthesis, and that reduced MI-to-DCI ratios are associated with pathological imbalance of sex hormones. Areas covered: This expert opinion provides an overview of the physiological distribution of MI and DCI in the ovarian tissues, and a thorough insight of their involvement into ovarian steroidogenesis. Insulin resistance and compensatory hyperinsulinemia dramatically reduce the MI-to-DCI ratio in the ovaries, leading to gynecological dis…