Search results for "Intellectual Property"

Intellectual Property and Leverage: The Role of Patent Portfolios

2019

This paper analyses the importance of intellectual property in determining capital structure decisions. We argue that firms can use their patent stock as collateral and thereby relax possible debt financing restrictions. Using data from the European Patent Office and balance sheet data of European companies, we find that larger and more valuable patent stocks lead to higher debt-ratios - controlling for well-established capital structure determinants. We further assess variation across as well as within industries and show that effects are mainly driven by tech-oriented and research intensive firms. Drawing on a legislative change in EU- law, allows us to establish a causal relationship bet…

Contractual Solutions for Digitalized Cross-Company Value Networks in Industry 4.0 - Part 1: Introduction

2021

This series of papers deals with issues of contract law in Industrie 4.0. It is based on the law of the Federal Republic of Germany. Part 1 introduces the topic and explains the legal problems that arise in Industrie 4.0. Part 2 deals with issues of contract law: How are contracts concluded among autonomous software agents, what types of contracts come into question, and how must general terms and conditions be structured. Part 3 looks at issues of licensing law and intellectual property in data. Part 4 looks at the liability of autonomous systems in Industry and provides an outlook on possible future solutions. Industrial production is increasingly taking place in digitized value chains in…

Juridiskā zinātne, Nr.6 

2014

Journal “Law” of the University of Latvia is financed by the Faculty of Law of the University of Latvia

The role of IPR arrangements in the crowdsourcing for innovation contest: an empirical investigation of the Innocentive challenges

2017

In this study, we identify three different Intellectual Property Right arrangements- strong IPR (acquiring an IP), weak IPR (licensing agreement) and flexible IPR. Integrating Property Rights Theory and the open innovation literature, we propose that specific challenge attributes affect the seekers organizations’ choice between alternative IPR arrangements and how this choice, in turn, affects the self-selection of external solvers into solving the problem. We collected multi-source, interview data with open innovation directors and a unique data set of 819 closed and awarded challenges broadcasted on InnoCentive platform from 2010 to 2016. Our findings contribute to the emerging literature…

Triggering Open Innovation Processes Through Organizational Emotional Capability and Rival's Absorptive Capacity Orientation

2022

In this article, we analyze the direct effects of the open innovation (OI) processes of acquisition and exploitation on innovation performance (IP), as well as the effects of two antecedents of OI: organizational emotional capability (EC) and rivaĺs absorptive capacity orientation (RACO). RACO implies processing external information in an analytical manner, whereas an intuitive approach is implicit in EC. The research model is tested in a sample of medium-low-technology Colombian small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) using structural equations by the consistent partial least squares method. Our results provide evidence on a significant effect of the OI acquisition process on IP, as well…

Questions and answers on AdWords’ cases.

2012

Protecting Human Subjects in Internet Research

2005

The growth of the Internet as a research venue has led to practical, legal, and ethical problems regarding the protection of human subjects. Among these are difficulty in verifying subjects’ identities, gaining informed consent, and assuring ethically- correct research. The authors summarize the current standards pertaining to the protection of human subjects in online research and present a set of guidelines for dealing ethically, legally, and practically with the issues of privacy and confidentiality, intellectual property, informed consent, and protection from harm. As computer-mediated communications merge and evolve, as the Internet becomes more and more a part of everyday life, and as…

On the Returns to Invention within Firms: Evidence from Finland

2018

International audience; In this paper we merge individual income data, firm-level data, patenting data, and IQ data in Finland over the period 1988–2012 to analyze the returns to invention for inventors and their coworkers or stakeholders within the same firm. We find that: (i) inventors collect only 8 percent of the total private return from invention; (ii) entrepreneurs get over 44 percent of the total gains; (iii) bluecollar workers get about 26 percent of the gains and the rest goes to white-collar workers. Moreover, entrepreneurs start with significant negative returns prior to the patent application, but their returns subsequently become highly positive.

Knowledge as a fictitious commodity: a Polanyian reading of the 'digital economy'

2020

Since the 2008 financial crisis, the attempts to use Karl Polanyi's framework to make sense of current developments have multiplied, producing a noticeable and lively debate. This debate centres on the notion of double movement put forward by the Hungarian thinker in his masterpiece – The Great Transformation. The paper is a contribution to this debate. The first part addresses a series of questions that make the interpretations of the double movement advanced so far not very compelling. To this end, a close reading of Polanyi's text, with the aim of dismantling and rearticulating its analytical structure, is carried out. The upshot is a dynamic and multistage picture of the double process …

Polanyi's double movement and the making of the ‘knowledge economy'

2019

In this chapter, we want to re-evaluate the heuristic role of Polanyi’s double movement by suggesting an alternative reading that could answer several criticisms that have been levelled against it. Moreover, we believe that this reading can give us greater insight into both the nature of the current crisis and its failure to unravel the neoliberal consensus.1 According to our reading, since the Speenhamland measures introduced in 1795 in Britain, faulty welfarist solutions have had the ability to undermine the political force of countermovements calling for protective measures while helping pro-market coalitions to periodically regenerate themselves. For us, this means that the future resol…