Search results for "Intellectual disability"
showing 10 items of 303 documents
Transitions from school to sheltered employment in Norway – Experiences of people with intellectual disabilities
2021
Sexualidad en diversidad funcional intelectual: recopilación de los instrumentos de evaluación del equipo Salusex
2021
La sexualidad de las personas con discapacidad intelectual (DI) ha sido un tema muy controvertido. Su sexualidad ha estado sustentada por una serie de mitos y falsas creencias que, a pesar de carecer de apoyo empírico, han restringido su derecho a conseguir una expresión libre de esta faceta. En unos casos su sexualidad ha sido equiparada a la de los niños, creyendo que eran personas asexuadas; y en otros se les ha presupuesto una ausencia de control sobre sus impulsos, optando por no despertar sus instintos sexuales. El equipo SALUSEX inició el estudio de la sexualidad en este colectivo en el año 2015 con un proyecto financiado por el Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad relacionado con…
Reading and Writing Skills in Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder Without Intellectual Disability.
2021
The purpose of this study is to extend the knowledge about academic achievement in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). To this end, first, we analyzed differences in a wide range of reading and writing skills in adolescents with ASD without intellectual disability (ASD-WID) and adolescents with typical development (TD). Second, these two groups were compared on academic outcomes in core subjects and indicators of successful transition to secondary school. Third, the potential contribution of literacy skills to academic outcomes was examined in the two groups. Participants were 56 adolescents between 12 and 14 years old, 30 with ASD-WID and 26 with TD. Results showed no signific…
Effects of l-Carnitine in Patients with Autism Spectrum Disorders: Review of Clinical Studies
2019
Carnitine is an amino acid derivative, which plays several important roles in human physiology, in the central nervous system, and for mitochondrial metabolism, in particular. Altered carnitine metabolic routes have been associated with a subgroup of patients with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and could add to the pathophysiology associated with these disorders. We review the current evidence about the clinical effects of carnitine administration in ASD in both non-syndromic forms and ASD associated with genetic disorders. Two randomized clinical trials and one open-label prospective trial suggest that carnitine administration could be useful for treating symptoms in non-syndromic ASD. Th…
Challenging behaviour, and staff responses to it, in residential environments for people with intellectual disability in Finland
2002
The frequency and severity of challenging behaviour in all 261 adult residents of a single special care district in Finland were assessed using the modified version of the Scales of Independent Behavior Problem Behavior Inventory. The results showed that 70% of the residents with intellectual disability exhibited challenging behaviour that was considered to be more than a mild problem by the staff. The incidence of dangerous behaviour was 10%. Some form of negative intervention (restraints, punishment or environmental restrictions) was used for 56% of cases in which challenging behaviour was exhibited. Punishment was the most common consequence for dangerous behaviour. The staff in the smal…
Impact of daytime routine modifications on people with severe intellectual disability amid COVID‐19 pandemic
2021
Implementation of Sample Pooling Procedure Using a Rapid SARS-CoV-2 Diagnostic Real-Time PCR Test Performed Prior to Hospital Admission of People wit…
2021
Reliability, accuracy, and timeliness of diagnostic testing for SARS-CoV-2 infection have allowed adequate public health management of the disease, thus notably helping the timely mapping of viral spread within the community. Furthermore, the most vulnerable populations, such as people with intellectual disability and dementia, represent a high-risk group across multiple dimensions, including a higher prevalence of pre-existing conditions, lower health maintenance, and a propensity for rapid community spread. This led to an urgent need for reliable in-house rapid testing to be performed prior to hospital admission. In the present study, we describe a pooling procedure in which oropharyngeal…
LARP7 variants and further delineation of the Alazami syndrome phenotypic spectrum among primordial dwarfisms: 2 sisters.
2019
Abstract Alazami syndrome (AS) (MIM# 615071 ) is an autosomal recessive microcephalic primordial dwarfism (PD) with recognizable facial features and severe intellectual disability due to depletion or loss of function variants in LARP7. To date, 15 patients with AS have been reported. Here we describe two consanguineous Algerian sisters with Alazami PD due to LARP7 homozygous pathogenic variants detected by whole exome sequencing. By comparing these two additional cases with those previously reported, we strengthen the key features of AS: severe growth restriction, severe intellectual disability and some distinguishing facial features such as broad nose, malar hypoplasia, wide mouth, full li…
The treatment of severe self-injurious behavior through sensory stimulation: A case report
2016
Self-injurious behavior of an institutionalized man with profound intellectual disability was treated with a daily 15-min sensory stimulation program, which consisted of moving the arms and hands of the participant, swinging his body, and massage. The frequency of self-injurious behavior was measured in 10-min sessions. Using a reversal design, it was shown that sensory stimulation decreased the participant’s self-hitting behavior significantly, both in intensity and in frequency. Sensory stimulation is recommended for use in those cases in which functional analysis has shown that self-injury may be reinforced by its sensory consequences.
Behavioural treatment of improper eating by an institutionalised woman with profound intellectual disability—description of a successful intervention
2002
Intensive 11-day behavioural training of an institutionalised woman with profound intellectual disability was used to teach proper eating by reducing her eating errors. The methods used included an increased number of learning opportunities, graduated guidance, the use of social reinforcement, and mild punishment through simple correction of eating errors. The treatment was faded into a maintenance phase. After the intensive training phase, the participant ceased to eat with her fingers from a plate, and her eating changed to a more tidy habit. She was also released from having her hand tied during the meals. The results were maintained during an informal follow-up 4 years later.