Search results for "Intelligence"

Towards artificial intelligence : advances, challenges, and risks

2019

This text contains some reflections on artificial intelligence (AI). First, I differentiate between strong and weak AI, as well as the concepts related to general and specific AI. Following this, I briefly describe the main current AI models and discuss the need to provide common-sense knowledge to machines in order to advance towards the goal of a general AI. Next, I talk about the current trends in AI based on the analysis of large amounts of data, which has recently allowed experts to make spectacular progress. Finally, I discuss other topics which, now and in the future, will continue to be key in AI, before closing with a brief reflection on the risks of AI.

Lesion of areas 17/18/19: effects on the cat's performance in a binary detection task

1988

The ability of two cats to discriminate between two geometrical outline patterns in the presence of superimposed Gaussian visual noise — i.e. in a binary detection task — was tested before and after bilateral removal of cortical areas 17, 18 and 19. The detection probability PD was measured as a function of the signal-to-noise ratio. After a lesion of areas 17, 18 and 19 both cats were unable to carry out the discrimination tasks. Their detection performance dropped to chance level, but after an extensive phase of retraining (3 months) they regained the ability to discriminate visual patterns. It was thus possible to obtain detection curves and to determine a measure of a performance which …

The Mona Lisa effect: Testing the limits of perceptual robustness vis-à-vis slanted images

2014

We report three experiments that test the limits of the Mona Lisa effect. The gaze of a portrait that is looking at us appears to follow us around as we move with respect to the picture. Even if our position is shifted considerably to the side, or if the picture is severely slanted, do we feel the gaze to be directed at us? We determined the threshold where this effect breaks down to be maximally 70? of picture slant relative to the observer. Different factors modulate this remarkable robustness, among them being the display medium and the nature of the picture. The threshold was considerably lower when the picture was mounted on a physical surface as opposed to a computer simulation of sla…

Impact of work aspects on communication, emotional intelligence and empathy in nursing

2019

ABSTRACT Objective: to assess the impact of the type of contract and seniority of nursing staff on their attitudes towards communication, emotional intelligence and empathy. Methods: the instruments measuring attitudes towards communication, empathy and emotional intelligence. The study sample was composed of 450 nurses from 7 hospitals. To explore the effect of the variables studied, one-factor ANOVA test, Pearson correlations and hierarchical multiple linear regression models were performed according to the type of contract. Results: there are statistically significant differences between the variables studied according to the type of contract. More specifically, the nursing staff with pe…

Reaching and grasping a glass of water by locked-in ALS patients through a BCI-controlled humanoid robot

2015

Using Redundant Visual Information From Different Dimensions for Attentional Selection

2012

The present study investigated the use of redundant information for attentional selection of a visual object. Each display contained two overlapping objects, and participants had to report the color of the occluding object. A baseline condition did not require object selection because the objects were identical. A single-cue condition required object selection based on spatial arrangement (i.e., occlusion) because the objects had the same shape. A double-cue condition afforded object selection by occlusion and shape because the objects consistently differed in shape. Behavioral results showed that the redundant shape cue facilitated attentional selection, although participants were never s…

Null Effect of Set Size in Lexical Decision

1995

The effect of set size indicates that recall of a word is greater when its cue is associated with fewer words. This study was designed to replicate this result with lexical decisions of 18 students. In spite of obtaining the set-size effect with cue recall, it was not observed with lexical decision.

The effect of texture on face identification and configural information processing

2014

Shape and texture are an integral part of face identity. In the present study, the importance of face texture for face identification and detection of configural manipulation (i.e., spatial relation among facial features) was examined by comparing grayscale face photographs (i.e., real faces) and line drawings of the same faces. Whereas real faces provide information about texture and shape of faces, line drawings are lacking texture cues. A change-detection task and a forced-choice identification task were used with both stimuli categories. Within the change detection task, participants had to decide whether the size of the eyes of two sequentially presented faces had changed or not. After…

The Development of Spatial Location in Finnish

1991

Abstract The purpose of this research was to study the shift from mono- to bi-referential spatial location in the language of Finnish children. Monoreferential location is based on the intrinsic properties of a referent object and the proximity relationship, and bireferential location requires coordinated spatial relationships involving referent objects and a projective relationship. Locative expressions which are monoreferential include: in/on/under and intrinsic front/back, and those which are bireferential include deictic front/back and between. A pictorial representation of locative relationships with a sentence-picture matching task was used to present the mono- vs bi-referential contr…

V11. Functional hierarchy within an overall network for visual motion processing and ocular-motor control at rest

2015

Introduction Visual motion processing on one hand and ocular motor functions on the other are rarely studied together in vivo in humans. The interrelation of these functional networks is rather unclear, even though their functional dependence seems obvious. In several fMRI studies the essential nodes of both networks could be localized using voluntary optokinetic ('look') nystagmus (OKN) in the horizontal plane incorporating visual motion tracking (Dieterich et al., 2009). Here, functional connectivity (FC) between these nodes representing both networks was studies using resting-state FC. Methods Resting-state fMRI data of 200 healthy adults (age 44.1±17.9; 79 male) were included in the cro…