Search results for "Intensity"

Estimation of isometric strength: Intensity and holding time

1982

Über die wirkung des phytochroms beim laubmooskallus II. Sauerstoffmetabolismus und acetylcholinwirkung

1974

Summary The oxygen metabolism is a good parameter for the determination of rapid responses of green moss callus to light. We measured the oxygen uptake with the Warburg method and polarographically with a Clark electrode and the YSI-oxygen monitor. The exposure of dark grown moss callus to red light (5–20 min) induced a rapid increase in O2-uptake after switching off the light. The respiration change depends on the exposure duration and the light intensity. During the first 2 or 3 h after irradiation with red light and with red-far red light, the rates of the O2-uptake show no differences but after this lag-phase the 2 curves are splitting. The respiration of the red irradiated cells remain…

Forced Flowering in Mandarin Trees Under Phytotron Conditions

2019

[EN] Phytotron has been widely used to assess the effect of numerous parameters on the development of many species. However, less information is available on how to achieve fast profuse flowering in young fruit trees with this plant growth chamber. This study aimed to outline the design and performance of a fast clear methodology to force flowering in young mandarin trees (cv. Nova and cv. Clemenules) and to analyze the influence of induction intensity on inflorescence type. The combination of a short water stress period with simulated spring conditions (day 13 h, 22 °C, night 11 h, 12 °C) in the phytotron allowed flowers to be obtained only after 68-72 days from the time the experiment beg…

Wavefront Recovery: Shack-Hartmann Aberrometry vs PhaseLift Using a Single Binary Amplitude Modulating Mask

2019

We investigate whether a wavefront can be recovered by using a single mask rotated in four different positions. Results show that PhaseLift can recover the wavefront from intensity measurements using such a kind of modulation.

Energy intensity modeling for wastewater treatment technologies.

2018

Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are energy intensive facilities; therefore increased pressure has been placed on managers and policy makers to reduce the facilities' energy use. Several studies were conducted to compare the energy intensity (EI) of WWTPs, which showed large dispersion in EI among the facilities. In the present study, the degree EI influenced WWTPs was tested using a set of technical variables by modeling the EI of a 305 WWTP sample grouped into five secondary treatment technologies. Results indicated the following two major findings: i) WWTPs using conventional activated sludge, extended aeration, trickling biofilters, and biodisks exhibited significant economies of sca…

Energy intensity of treating drinking water: Understanding the influence of factors

2017

Abstract To provide safe drinking water to urban populations, raw water must be treated in drinking water treatment plants, which are energy-intensive facilities. Previous studies have assessed energy intensity (EI: unit of energy required per unit of treated water) of conventional drinking water treatment plants, but they ignored variations related to water treatment trains. By modeling 179 facilities of four water treatment trains, we explored factors potentially affecting energy intensity, such as removal efficiencies of pollutants and treatment capacities of drinking water treatment plants. We also investigated the economies of scale in energy intensity of drinking water treatment plant…

Evaluation of energy performance of drinking water treatment plants: Use of energy intensity and energy efficiency metrics

2018

Abstract One of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals is to provide access to safe and clean drinking water. However, treating raw water in facilities currently involves using a non-negligible amount of energy, and the fossil fuels used are both expensive and emit greenhouse gases when combusted. Previous studies have evaluated the energy performance of drinking water treatment plants by estimating the amount of energy consumed per volume of water. However, such studies have not accounted for differences between treatment technologies and have assumed a common standard water treatment technology. To overcome these limitations, this study employed metafrontier data envelopment ana…

Laboratory Studies of Scattering Properties of Polluted Cloud Droplets: Implications for FSSP Measurements

2008

Abstract Laboratory experiments were conducted in the Mainz vertical wind tunnel to study the effects of pollutants dissolved or suspended in cloud droplets on the droplet size measurements of a Forward Scattering Spectrometer Probe (FSSP). The FSSP is a widely used instrument to derive microphysical properties of atmospheric clouds. Individual droplets of different well-defined sizes were freely falling at their terminal velocities in the wind tunnel while the intensity of radiation emitted by the He–Ne laser of the FSSP and scattered by the droplets was measured. For this purpose, the FSSP was adapted and mounted to the wind tunnel. The intensity of radiation scattered by the droplets in …

Acoustic Emission Monitoring of Chemically Bonded Anchors

2010

This paper presents a study on the use of acoustic emission (AE) to assess the structural soundness of concrete reinforced with chemically bonded anchors. The results of an experimental work based on six pullout tests monitored using an AE instrumentation suite are reported below. In every test one rebar was embedded in the hardened concrete by means of polyester resin. The AE was adopted to moni- tor the onset and progression of any structural damage. The parametric analysis, the intensity analysis and the moment tensor analysis of AE data were used to discriminate among different sources of damage. The technique shows promise for field application and may contribute to fully understand th…

TOWARD A DESIGN METHOD FOR METAL-COMPOSITE CO-CURED JOINT BASED ON THE G-SIFs

2013

Abstract In this work, a systematic study of the singular stress field in the zone where the interface intersects the free edge surfaces of bonded metal-composite co-cured joints, has been performed. The obtained theoretical, numerical and experimental results have permitted to detect the relationships between the joint configuration and the singular stress field, as well as to implement a new design method based on the so called generalised stress intensity factors. Such a proposed method allows the user to predict the static strength of a generic metal-composite co-cured joint, vs. the main influence parameters as the elastic modulus of the coupled materials, the overlap length, the taper…