Search results for "Interaction"

showing 10 items of 5710 documents

Nuclear and weak interaction aspects of neutrinoless double beta decay: Recent results

2012

The determination of the value of the light neutrino mass, as well as the determination of the nature of the neutrino, are two of the fundamental questions which motivate the experimental search of signals of neutrinoless double beta decay transitions. Here, we shall review some of the the essentials of the theory, based on both nuclear structure and elementary particle physics, relevant for the understanding of the problem.

PhysicsHistoryParticle physicsNuclear structureFísicaexperimental searchElementary particleWeak interactionComputer Science ApplicationsEducationElementary particle physicsNuclear physicsDouble beta decayHigh Energy Physics::Experimentelementary particleNeutrinolight neutrino massValue (mathematics)
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WIMPy baryogenesis with sterile neutrinos

2015

In this talk we propose a mechanism for baryogenesis from particle decays or annihilations that can work at the TeV scale. Some heavy particles annihilate or decay into a heavy sterile neutrino N (with M 1 TeV) and a "light" one ν (with m 100 GeV), generating an asymmetry among the two helicity degrees of freedom of v. This asymmetry is partially transferred to Standard Model leptons via fast Yukawa interactions and reprocessed into a baryon asymmetry by the electroweak sphalerons. We illustrate this mechanism in a WIMPy baryogenesis model where the helicity asymmetry is generated in the annihilation of dark matter. This model connects the baryon asymmetry, dark matter, and neutrino masses.

PhysicsHistoryParticle physicsSterile neutrinoAstrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomenamedia_common.quotation_subjectHigh Energy Physics::PhenomenologyDark matterElectroweak interactionAsymmetryComputer Science ApplicationsEducationBaryogenesisNuclear physicsBaryon asymmetryHigh Energy Physics::ExperimentNeutrinoLeptonmedia_commonJournal of Physics: Conference Series
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Rotational excitation of mono- and doubly-deuterated water by hydrogen molecules

2011

Rate coefficients for rotational transitions in HDO and D2O induced by H2 collisions below 300 K are presented. Calculations have been performed at the close-coupling and coupledstates levels with the deuterated variants of the H2O–H2 interaction potential of Valiron et al. The HDO–H2 and D2O–H2 rate coefficients are compared to the corresponding rate coefficients for HDO–He and H2O–H2, respectively. Significant differences are observed. In particular the new HDO rate coefficients are found to be significantly larger (by up to three orders of magnitude) than the corresponding HDO–He rate coefficients. The impact of the new HDO rate coefficients is examined with the help of non-LTE radiative…

PhysicsHydrogen moleculeAstronomy and Astrophysics010402 general chemistry01 natural sciences0104 chemical scienceslaw.inventionInteraction potentialOrders of magnitude (time)DeuteriumSpace and Planetary Sciencelaw0103 physical sciencesRadiative transferMaserAtomic physics010303 astronomy & astrophysicsExcitationMonthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
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Group-Theoretic analysis of the mixing angle in the electroweak gauge group

1996

In this paper the authors provide strong mathematical support for the idea that the experimentally measured magnitude 1 - M{sub W}{sup 2}/M{sub Z}{sup 2} associated with sin{sup 2}{theta}{sub w} in the standard model of electroweak interactions cannot be simultaneously identified with the squared quotient of the electric charge by the SU(2) charge, e{sup 2}/g{sup 2}. In fact, the natural, mathematical requirement that the Weinberg rotation between the gauge fields associated with the third component of the {open_quotes}weak isospin{close_quotes} (T{sub 3}) and the hypercharge (Y) proceeds from a global Lie-group homomorphism of the SU(2) {circle_times} U(1){sub y} gauge group in some locall…

PhysicsHyperchargeParticle physicsPhysics and Astronomy (miscellaneous)Gauge groupGeneral MathematicsLie algebraElectroweak interactionLie groupGrand Unified TheoryCharge (physics)Weinberg angleMathematical physicsInternational Journal of Theoretical Physics
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A Demonstrator for a new Axial PET Concept

2008

In PET imaging, improving sensitivity while maintaining very good spatial resolution is crucial. To achieve this goal, we propose a novel concept of PET scanner, with axially arranged crystals, providing a high sensitivity and a 3D reconstruction of the gamma interaction point. The trans-axial coordinate is given by the crystal hit, while the z coordinate is reconstructed by the weighted distribution of light escaping the crystal and entering into an array of Wave Length Shifting (WLS) strips interleaving the crystal layers. This novel configuration allows full identification of Compton interactions in the crystals that can be included in image reconstruction thus enhancing the sensitivity.…

PhysicsInterleavingInteraction pointPhysics::Instrumentation and Detectorsbusiness.industry3D reconstructionIterative reconstructionSTRIPSlaw.inventionCrystalOpticslawSensitivity (control systems)businessImage resolution2008 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record
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Observation of collapse arrest in pure kerr media sustained by a parametric interaction

2013

We demonstrate a parametric interaction based on four wave mixing that can arrest the collapse and stabilize solitary propagation in a pure Kerr material by controlling the wavelength of the interacting beams.

PhysicsKerr effectCollapse (topology)Physics::OpticsCollapse arrestSettore ING-INF/01 - ElettronicaSolitary propagationWavelengthFour-wave mixingKerr mediaParametric interactionsQuantum electrodynamicsQuantum mechanicsKerr materialsLight beamNonlinear OpticsPhase velocityRefractive indexNonlinear Sciences::Pattern Formation and SolitonsParametric statistics
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Design of a double-gap Hughes-type coupled-cavity for a Ka-band Extended Interaction Klystron

2020

In this paper, the design of a Ka-band Extended-Interaction Klystron (EIK) working at 2$\pi$ mode. The interaction structure is a three-gap Hughes-type coupled-cavity. Based on the results obtained with the 3D model developed by using CST, “cold electrical parameters” have been calculated, necessary to measure the interaction with the electron beam. The structure stability and the synchronization with the electron beam are analyzed The large-signal analysis is performed by 1D software AJDISK. Under the beam voltage and current of 19.55 kV and 0.95 A, respectively, an RF output power value of 3.86 kW and a bandwidth gain value of 37. 06 dB have been obtained

PhysicsKlystronbusiness.industryextended interaction klystron coupled-cavity Hughes cavity multi-gapBandwidth (signal processing)Measure (mathematics)Settore ING-INF/01 - Elettronicalaw.inventionPower (physics)Synchronization (alternating current)OpticslawCathode rayKa bandRadio frequencybusiness
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Theoretical evaluation of lanthanide binding tags as biomolecular handles for the organization of single ion magnets and spin qubits

2015

Lanthanoid complexes are amongst the most promising compounds both in single ion magnetism and as molecular spin qubits, but their organization remains an open problem. We propose to combine Lanthanide Binding Tags (LBTs) with recombinant proteins as a path for an extremely specific and spatially-resolved organisation of lanthanoid ions as spin qubits. We develop a new computational subroutine for the freely available code SIMPRE that allows an inexpensive estimate of quantum decoherence times and qubit–qubit interaction strengths. We use this subroutine to evaluate our proposal theoretically for 63 different systems. We evaluate their behavior as single ion magnets and estimate both decohe…

PhysicsLanthanideQuantum decoherenceMagnetismUNESCO::QUÍMICASpin engineering02 engineering and technologyQuantum Physics010402 general chemistry021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology01 natural sciences:QUÍMICA [UNESCO]0104 chemical sciencesIonInorganic ChemistryChemical physicsQubitQuantum mechanics0210 nano-technologySpin (physics)Magnetic dipole–dipole interaction
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The LHCf detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider

2008

LHCf is an experiment dedicated to the measurement of neutral particles emitted in the very forward region of LHC collisions. The physics goal is to provide data for calibrating the hadron interaction models that are used in the study of Extremely High-Energy Cosmic-Rays. This is possible since the laboratory equivalent collision energy of LHC is 10(17) eV. Two LHCf detectors, consisting of imaging calorimeters made of tungsten plates, plastic scintillator and position sensitive sensors, are installed at zero degree collision angle +/- 140m from an interaction point (IP). Although the lateral dimensions of these calorimeters are very compact, ranging from 20 mm x 20 mm to 40 mm x 40 mm, the…

PhysicsLarge Hadron ColliderLuminosity (scattering theory)Interaction pointPhysics::Instrumentation and Detectorsbusiness.industryDetectorFísicaCosmic rayScintillatorParticle detectorOpticsMeasuring instrumentHigh Energy Physics::ExperimentDetectors and Experimental TechniquesbusinessInstrumentationMathematical PhysicsJournal of Instrumentation
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One-dimensional charged kaon femtoscopy in p -Pb collisions at sNN = 5.02 TeV

2019

The correlations of identical charged kaons were measured in p-Pb collisions at √sNN=5.02 TeV by the ALICE experiment at the LHC. The femtoscopic invariant radii and correlation strengths were extracted from one-dimensional kaon correlation functions and were compared with those obtained in pp and Pb-Pb collisions at √s=7 TeV and √sNN=2.76 TeV, respectively. The presented results also complement the identical-pion femtoscopic data published by the ALICE collaboration. The extracted radii increase with increasing charged-particle multiplicity and decrease with increasing pair transverse momentum. At comparable multiplicities, the radii measured in p-Pb collisions are found to be close to tho…

PhysicsLarge Hadron ColliderProton010308 nuclear & particles physicsHadronInteraction modelMultiplicity (mathematics)Few-body systems01 natural scienceslaw.inventionNuclear physicsPionlaw0103 physical sciencesHigh Energy Physics::ExperimentNuclear Experiment010306 general physicsBose–Einstein condensatePhysical Review C
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