Search results for "Interaction"
showing 10 items of 5710 documents
Disease dispersion as a spatial interaction: The case of Flavescence Dorée
2020
International audience; Flavescence dorée is a serious and incurable vine disease transmitted by an insect vector. Focusing on its spatial diffusion and on its control with pesticides, this paper investigates the private strategies of wine producers and their socially optimal counterparts. The socially optimal regulation has to address two externalities regarding private treatment decisions: (a) the insufficient consideration of collective benefits from controlling the vector populations; (b) the failure to take into account environmental damage related to pesticide application. The probability of infection is estimated on French data from a spatial econometric specification. Three alternat…
Infectious Entry Pathway of Enterovirus B Species
2015
Enterovirus B species (EV-B) are responsible for a vast number of mild and serious acute infections. They are also suspected of remaining in the body, where they cause persistent infections contributing to chronic diseases such as type I diabetes. Recent studies of the infectious entry pathway of these viruses revealed remarkable similarities, including non-clathrin entry of large endosomes originating from the plasma membrane invaginations. Many cellular factors regulating the efficient entry have recently been associated with macropinocytic uptake, such as Rac1, serine/threonine p21-activated kinase (Pak1), actin, Na/H exchanger, phospholipace C (PLC) and protein kinase Cα (PKCα). Another…
Counterbalancing salt reduction with aromas and consequences on sensory acceptability: A study with real cheese
2014
Introduction and objective: Unbalanced diet with an overconsumption of salt contributes to the development of cardiovascular disease. Several strategies are currently investigated to design low-salt food while maintaining taste and consumer liking. The strategy relying on cross-modal sensory compensation is being tested within the framework of the EU-TeRiFiQ research project. In this context, this study had for aim to examine whether selected aromas could help to maintain salt and fat perception in low-salt real cheese. Methods: Two commercial cheeses, low-salt cheese (LSC) and regular-salt cheese (RSC), were reprocessed by grinding and addition of a sardine aroma associated to salty taste …
The pion single-event latch-up cross-section enhancement : mechanisms and consequences for accelerator hardness assurance
2021
Pions make up a large part of the hadronic environment typical of accelerator mixed-fields. Characterizing device cross-sections against pions is usually disregarded in favour of tests with protons, whose single-event latch-up cross-section is, nonetheless, experimentally found to be lower than that of pions for all energies below 250 MeV. While Monte-Carlo simulations are capable of reproducing such behavior, the reason of the observed pion cross-section enhancement can only be explained by a deeper analysis of the underlying mechanisms dominating proton-silicon and pion-silicon reactions. The mechanisms dominating the single-event latchup response are found to vary with the energy under c…
The subtle balance of weak supramolecular interactions: The hierarchy of halogen and hydrogen bonds in haloanilinium and halopyridinium salts
2010
The series of haloanilinium and halopyridinium salts: 4-IPhNH₃Cl (1), 4-IPhNH₃Br (5), 4-IPhNH₃H₂PO₄ (6), 4-ClPhNH₃H₂PO₄ (8), 3-IPyBnCl (9), 3-IPyHCl (10) and 3-IPyH-5NIPA (3-iodopyridinium 5-nitroisophthalate, 13), where hydrogen or/and halogen bonding represents the most relevant non-covalent interactions, has been prepared and characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. This series was further complemented by extracting some relevant crystal structures: 4-BrPhNH3Cl (2, CCDC ref. code TAWRAL), 4-ClPhNH3Cl (3, CURGOL), 4-FPhNH3Cl (4, ANLCLA), 4-BrPhNH3H2PO4, (7, UGISEI), 3-BrPyHCl, (11, CIHBAX) and 3-ClPyHCl, (12, VOQMUJ) from Cambridge Structural Database for sake of comparison. Bas…
Crystal structure of 2-[chloro(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5,5-dimethylcyclohexane-1,3-dione
2016
One of the methyl groups and the 4-methoxyphenyl substituent are in axial positions and the chloro(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl substituent is in the equatorial position of the cyclohexane ring which adopts a chair conformation. The packing features inversion-symmetric dimeric units and strands along [100] and [010] established by weak C—H⋯O and C—H⋯Cl contacts.
5-Methylbenzo[d][2,1,3]selenadiazole
2017
In the crystal of the title compound, C7H6N2Se, the molecules are arranged in rods along theb-axis direction and form dimeric units due to intermolecular Se...N contacts of 2.982 (2) Å. The molecules are further linked by weak π–π stacking interactions between the 2,1,3-selenadiazole and six-membered aromatic rings [centroid–centroid distance = 3.8509 (11) Å and ring slippage = 1.539 (3) Å].
Double-CO32− Centered [CoII5] Wheel and Modeling of Its Magnetic Properties
2010
A high-spin Co(II) cluster with a rare pentagonal molecular structure and formula [Co(5)(CO(3))(2)(bpp)(5)]ClO(4) (1; Hbpp is 2,6-bis(phenyliminomethyl)-4-methylphenolate) has been synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. This topology arises from fusing five [Co(2)(bpp)] moieties in a cyclic manner around two CO(3)(2-) central ligands, resulting in propeller-like configuration. The irregular coordination of the carbonate ions to the metal centers results in a combination of coordination numbers (CNs) of the Co(II) ions of five and six. The bulk magnetization of this complicated magnetically exchanged system has been modeled successfully by employing a matrix diago…
catena-Poly[[diaquabis[1,4-bis(pyridin-4-yl)buta-1,3-diyne-κN]iron(II)]-μ-cyanido-κ2N:C-[dicyanido-κ2C-platinum(II)]-μ-cyanido-κ2C:N]
2017
The molecular structure of the title compound, [FePt(CN)4(C14H8N2)2(H2O)2]n, consists of one-dimensional polymeric [–Fe–NC–Pt(CN)2–CN–]∞chains. Two water molecules and two monodentate 1,4-bis(pyridin-4-yl)buta-1,3-diyne (bpb) ligand molecules complete the octahedral coordination sphere of the FeIIatoms. The Fe—N(py) bond length (py is pyridine) is 2.2700 (15) Å, Fe—N(cyanide) is 2.1185 (16) Å and the Fe—O distance is 2.1275 (14) Å. The water molecules are hydrogen bonded to either bpb ligands or cyanide groups of the planar [Pt(CN)4]2−anion of adjacent polymeric chains. These O—H...N hydrogen bonds, in conjunction with offset and tilted π–π stacking interactions between bpb ligands and cyan…
Crystal structure of (1S,3R,8R,9S,10R)-10-bromomethyl-2,2-dichloro-9,10-epoxy-3,7,7-trimethyltricyclo[6.4.0.01,3]dodecane
2015
The title compound, C16H23BrCl2O, was synthesized in three steps from β-himachalene (3,5,5,9-tetramethyl-2,4a,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-benzocycloheptene), which was isolated from the essential oil of the Atlas cedar (cedrus atlantica). The molecule is built up from two fused six- and seven-membered rings, each linked to a three-membered ring. The six-membered ring has a screw-boat conformation, whereas the seven-membered ring displays a twist-boat conformation. The absolute structure was established unambiguously from anomalous dispersion effects.