Search results for "Interest"

Dietary Glycaemic Index Labelling: A Global Perspective

2021

The glycaemic index (GI) is a food metric that ranks the acute impact of available (digestible) carbohydrates on blood glucose. At present, few countries regulate the inclusion of GI on food labels even though the information may assist consumers to manage blood glucose levels. Australia and New Zealand regulate GI claims as nutrition content claims and also recognize the GI Foundation’s certified Low GI trademark as an endorsement. The GI Foundation of South Africa endorses foods with low, medium and high GI symbols. In Asia, Singapore’s Healthier Choice Symbol has specific provisions for low GI claims. Low GI claims are also permitted on food labels in India. In China, there are no nation…

Trademarks and Cyberspace

2006

Trademark law aids consumers who use trademarks in the marketplace to identify swiftly and without problems a product they liked or disliked in the past, distinguishing among the different competing manufacturers of a product. No one is entitled to sell or deliver commodities under the appearance that the commodities derive from someone else. The importance of consumer protection cannot be over-emphasized and the average consumer standard should remain the central point of the inquiry, even under domain name litigation. Replacing the initial interest confusion doctrine is one decisive step, along with the introduction of a doctrine representing the fact that there should be no confusion at …

A critical perspective on Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) applied in a Norwegian public hospital project

2020

Does the IPD concept deliver as required and expected, and if not, how can that be explained? This paper is a critical realist inspired methodology based on a combination of the inductive and deductive approaches used in case study research. IPD is based on relational contracting between multiple parties, in this case between the Owner, Contractor, MEP subcontractors and a group of Consulting engineers who share control of the project. At the core of the concept is shared risk and opportunities among the parties in the IPD contract. Our theoretical perspectives are based mainly on the Principal-Agent theory (PA), Transaction Cost theory (TC), and its related incentives. This paper reports o…

THERMO-CATALYTIC PROCESSES FOR BIOFUEL PRODUCTION

2017

La competenza materiale della Procura europea: un diritto penale europeo a geometria variabile?

2022

Il contributo delinea i caratteri principali e i significati ritenuti più rilevanti rispetto alla evoluzione del diritto penale europeo che si collegano alla svolta rappresentata dall’introduzione di un ufficio investigativo unitario dell’Unione europea. In particolare si mette a fuoco la materia attribuita alla competenza del nuovo ufficio investigativo europeo, che ruota intorno alla tutela degli interessi finanzairi della Unione Europea. Si segnala quindi che anche la possibile apertura a nuovi spazi di azione per il nuovo organo europea, pure prefigurata dal Trattato UE (art.86) non copra l’intero arco dei diritti della persona rilevanti nella Carta dei diritti fondamentali UE. Al conte…

Interactions of Societal Actors and Local Government in Institutionalized Governance Arrangements: The Book’s Scope and Content

2020

The chapter sets the stage for a comparative analysis of institutionalized governance networks grouping local governments and individual and collective or corporate societal actors unfolding at the municipal, sub-municipal and inter-municipal level. It details the premises for analyzing these networks with an emphasis on organized interests and interest intermediation and their relationship with the notion of democracy. It then reviews existing literature on the relationship between local governments and societal actors at two different levels. With reference to the municipal (micro) level, it looks at interest theory, the community power debate and the local governance approach. With refer…

Los canecillos de la Capilla del Cementerio de San Juan del Hospital de Valencia

2020

In the medieval cemetery of the Historic Site of San Juan del Hospital of Valencia is housed a small funeral chapel founded in the late thirteenth century by the knight Arnau de Romaní. Along its cornice there are a series of heads of animals and humans that are one of the few sculptural vestiges inserted into the Romanesque iconographic tradition that are preserved in the city. So far they have not aroused the interest of specialists and no one has dedicated a detailed study to these curious and interesting images located in the marginal spaces of such a beautiful building. This article aims to complete this gap addressing the study of the corbels of the small temple, projecting a thematic…

Il public interest nel diritto della concorrenza della Ue

2020

Public interest è espressione riassuntiva degli obiettivi non concorrenziali generalmente richiamati al fine di espandere o, al contrario, limitare l’applicazione delle norme antitrust. Anche nell’ambito del diritto della concorrenza della Ue il tema è oggetto di un risalente dibattito, che i mutamenti dello scenario internazionale, l’affacciarsi di nuove istanze di tutela e il ripetersi di crisi sistemiche hanno ultimamente rivitalizzato. Lo scritto intende riassumere i termini di tale dibattito, considerando anche la prassi e la giurisprudenza, nonché le recenti iniziative normative in materia. The term public interest summarizes the non-competition goals generally referred to in order to…

Subversion of land-use plans and the housing bubble in Spain

2011

The exceptional rhythm of the construction of residential dwellings in Spain between 1997 and 2006 and its geographical contrasts are explained by a time of economic expansion, a political and social context favourable to unlimited growth and excessive and untempered municipal land-use plans with passive or complicit regional governments. The lack of effective land-use regional plans and the discrediting of municipal land-use plans are a manifestation of a deliberate subversion of public planning to subordinate the public interest to the developer's demands. This article concludes by presenting a panorama of the disturbing consequences of this urban development model.

Debating Sound Money in Early Modern Europe: From Dualist to Metallic Monetary Systems

2019

International audience; In this paper, we present the monetary debates in Europe from the XVIth to the XVIIIth centuries from the viewpoint of the problem of good and sound money. The framework of the paper is built on a typology of monetary systems, by which a dualist system is distinguished from a metallic one. Under the dualist system, the value in units of account of the specie in circulation was defined by monetary proclamations (Einaudi locates this era from Charlemagne to the French Revolution). Metallist proponents aimed at preventing any kind of manipulations with a radical transformation of the system of payment, which gave birth to a metallic monetary system from the very end of …