Search results for "Internal medicine"
showing 10 items of 23789 documents
Blood Flow Restriction Exercise: Considerations of Methodology, Application, and Safety
2020
Tenapanor for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with constipation.
2020
Introduction: Irritable bowel syndrome with constipation is associated with higher rates of functional impairment, as compared to other subtypes of the syndrome. Conventional laxative-based pharmacologic therapy of IBS-C, which is mostly symptom-based, is often unsatisfactory. Tenapanor represents a first-in-class orally available inhibitor of NHE3, which is minimally absorbed in the GI tract, what constitutes a significant therapeutic benefit, as it may act on the drug target. Areas covered: Aim of this article is to sum up the evidences about pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of tenapanor, focusing on animal models and in vitro studies, but also discuss clinical trials on tenapanor's …
Systematic review and exploratory meta-analysis of the efficacy, safety, and biological effects of psychostimulants and atomoxetine in patients with …
2019
ObjectiveOur aim was to summarize the efficacy and safety of atomoxetine, amphetamines, and methylphenidate in schizophrenia.MethodsWe undertook a systematic review, searching PubMed/Scopus/Clinicaltrials.gov for double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled studies of psychostimulants or atomoxetine in schizophrenia published up to 1 January 2017. A meta-analysis of outcomes reported in two or more studies is presented.ResultsWe included 22 studies investigating therapeutic effects of stimulants (k=14) or measuring symptomatic worsening/relapse prediction after stimulant challenge (k=6). Six studies of these two groups plus one additional study investigated biological effects of psychostimu…
Comparable efficacy and safety of dimethyl fumarate and teriflunomide treatment in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis: an Italian real-word multi…
2018
BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to evaluate the achievement of 'no evidence of disease activity' (NEDA) over a 12-month period in a large multicenter population with relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) treated with delayed-release dimethyl fumarate (DMF) and teriflunomide (TRF) using a propensity-score adjustment. METHODS: A time-to-event method was used to determine the percentages of patients with RRMS (pwRRMS) in both groups achieving NEDA 3 (no relapses, no 12-week confirmed disability progression, and no new T2/gadolinium-enhancing brain lesions). We described the safety profile of the investigated drugs. RESULTS: Of the 587 pwRRMS treated with DMF and the 316 pwRRMS tre…
Systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of minocycline in schizophrenia
2017
ObjectiveOur aim was to perform an updated systematic review and meta-analysis on the efficacy and safety of adjunctive minocycline as a treatment of schizophrenia.MethodsWe conducted a PubMed/Scopus database search from inception to 3 February 2016 for randomized, placebo-controlled trials (RCTs), open non-randomized studies, and case reports/series evaluating minocycline in patients with schizophrenia. Random-effects meta-analysis of positive, negative, depressive, and cognitive symptom rating scales, discontinuation and adverse effects rates calculating standardized mean difference (SMD), and risk ratios±95% confidence intervals (CI95%) were calculated.ResultsSix RCTs were eligible (mino…
Safety and Tolerance Evaluation of Milk Fat Globule Membrane-Enriched Infant Formulas: A Randomized Controlled Multicenter Non-Inferiority Trial in H…
2014
ObjectiveThis multicenter non-inferiority study evaluated the safety of infant formulas enriched with bovine milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) fractions.MethodsHealthy, full-term infants ( n = 119) age ≤14 days were randomized to standard infant formula (control), standard formula enriched with a lipid-rich MFGM fraction (MFGM-L), or standard formula enriched with a protein-rich MFGM fraction (MFGM-P). Primary outcome was mean weight gain per day from enrollment to age 4 months (non-inferiority margin: –3.0 g/day). Secondary (length, head circumference, tolerability, morbidity, adverse events) and exploratory (phospholipids, metabolic markers, immune markers) outcomes were also evaluated.Res…
High training volume is associated with increased prevalence of non-allergic asthma in competitive cross-country skiers.
2022
BackgroundCross-country skiers have a high prevalence of asthma, but its phenotypes and association with success in competitions are not known.ObjectiveTo investigate, by means of a postal survey, the relative proportions of allergic and non-allergic asthma in competitive cross-country skiers compared with the general population, to study how performance level and training volume are related to asthma and its type and to assess the possible risk factors for allergic and non-allergic asthma in competitive skiers.MethodsAll Finnish cross-country skiers enrolled in the largest national competitions in winter 2019 (n=1282), and a random sample (n=1754) of the general population of the same age …
A methodological look at the controversy about the influence of salt intake on cardiovascular risk
2012
Cardiovascular diseases are a major cause of premature death and disability. They represent an extraordinarily strong financial burden upon health-care systems in ‘‘developed’’ countries. Elevated blood pressure is a major cause of cardiovascular disease. There is much evidence that cardiovascular risk increases from normal blood pressure (i.e., from 115/75 mmHg upwards) [1]. Overwhelming evidence shows that reducing salt intake from 9–12 g/day to 5–6 g/day lowers blood pressure [2]. Blood pressure is a surrogate endpoint, but may be related to a reduction of morbidity and mortality due to cardiovascular causes. Thus, intensive support and encouragement to cut down on the intake of salt in …
Being active in pregnancy: Theory-based factors associated with physical activity among pregnant women.
2018
ABSTRACTAlthough regular physical activity is recommended for pregnant women, compared to pre-pregnancy, antenatal physical activity often reduces or ceases completely. Drawing from the theory of planned behavior, self-determination theory, and theory on self-control, we aimed to test an integrative model of physical activity in a sample of pregnant women. The current study was conducted in Brisbane, Australia, in 2014–2015 using a prospective-correlational design with a one-week follow-up. Participants (N = 207, Time 1; Meanage = 30.03 years, SDage = 4.49 years) completed an initial survey measuring: intrinsic motivation from the self-determination theory, social cognitive constructs from …
An Examination of the Relationship Between Coaches’ Transformational Leadership and Athletes’ Personal and Group Characteristics in Elite Youth Soccer
2021
There is a growing body of the literature highlighting the positive impact of transformational leadership behaviours across contexts, including sport. However, there is a lack of knowledge of this relationship within elite sport settings. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between elite youth athletes’ perceptions of coaches’ transformational coaching-behaviours and variables that have been linked to transformational leadership in other settings (i.e., group cohesion, motivational climate, self-regulation of learning and athlete satisfaction). Norwegian elite youth soccer players (n= 753) selected into the national talent development program completed que…