Search results for "Internal-External Control"
showing 10 items of 52 documents
Want a tip? Service performance as a function of emotion regulation and extraversion.
2011
Surface acting and deep acting with customers are strategies for service performance, but evidence for their effectiveness is limited and mixed. We propose that deep acting is an effective strategy for most employees, whereas surface acting's effect on performance effectiveness depends on employee extraversion. In Study 1, restaurant servers who tended to use deep acting exceeded their customers' expectations and had greater financial gains (i.e., tips) regardless of extraversion, whereas surface acting improved tips only for extraverts, not for introverts. In Study 2, a call center simulation, deep acting improved emotional performance and increased the likelihood of extrarole service beha…
Probing birth-order effects on narrow traits using specification-curve analysis
2017
The idea that birth-order position has a lasting impact on personality has been discussed for the past 100 years. Recent large-scale studies have indicated that birth-order effects on the Big Five personality traits are negligible. In the current study, we examined a variety of more narrow personality traits in a large representative sample ( n = 6,500–10,500 in between-family analyses; n = 900–1,200 in within-family analyses). We used specification-curve analysis to assess evidence for birth-order effects across a range of models implementing defensible yet arbitrary analytical decisions (e.g., whether to control for age effects or to exclude participants on the basis of sibling spacing).…
Predictors of stigmatizing attitudes towards people with mental disorders in a general population in Finland
2010
For planning effective and well-targeted initiatives to reduce stigma, we need to identify which factors are associated with stigmatizing of people with mental disorders.This study examined how well a combination of variables predicts stigmatizing attitudes and discrimination in a general population.A survey questionnaire was sent to 10,000 persons aged 15-80 years residing in western Finland. Attitudes were measured using a scale consisting of negative stereotypes about people with depression and stereotypical beliefs connected with mental problems, while discrimination was measured by a social distance scale. Predictors included demographic variables, mental health resources, personal exp…
Causal symptom attributions in somatoform disorder and chronic pain.
2009
Abstract Objective Somatoform disorders (SFD) are defined by symptoms that lack medical explanation. This study examined the type and pattern of patients' causal attributions using a new semistructured interview technique Methods The Causal Attributions Interview allows to assess and weigh 15 common explanations of physical symptoms. Attributions given by 79 patients with SFD were compared with those obtained from 187 chronic pain patients. Results The test–retest reliabilities of the interview-elicited attributions were satisfactory to good. SFD patients attributed most of their symptoms to mental/emotional problems (46.9%) and somatic disease (41.1%), while the pain sample preferred physi…
Work-Related Biomechanical Exposure and Job Strain as Separate and Joint Predictors of Musculoskeletal Diseases: A 28-Year Prospective Follow-up Study
2017
We investigated how work-related biomechanical exposure and job strain in midlife separately and jointly predicted back and degenerative musculoskeletal diseases (MSDs). A total of 6,257 employees participated in the Finnish Longitudinal Study on Aging Municipal Employees (FLAME) in 1981 and were followed up for 28 years. Risk ratios and the relative excessive risk due to interaction and 95% confidence intervals were modeled for separate and joint prediction estimates, respectively. After adjustment for confounders, job strain predicted degenerative MSDs among women after 4 and 11 years of follow-up. After 11 years, both exposures predicted both types of MSDs among men. Joint exposure predi…
Emotional Self-Regulation Therapy: A New and Efficacious Treatment for Smoking
1997
Abstract We describe emotional self-regulation therapy, a recently-developed suggestion technique for the treatment of smoking, and present data attesting to its efficacy. Of the 38 individuals who completed treatment, 82% (47% of the initial sample) stopped smoking altogether and 13% (8%of the initial sample) reduced their smoking. A follow-up at 6 months showed that 66% (38% of the initial sample) of those who had completed the treatment remained abstinent and reported minimal withdrawal symptoms or weight gain. In a no-treatment comparison group, only 8% reduced their smoking or became abstinent.
The impact of exposure to images of ideally thin models in TV commercials on eating behavior: an experimental study with women diagnosed with bulimia…
2011
This study investigates whether eating behavior in women with diagnosed bulimia nervosa is influenced by prior exposure to images of ideally thin models. Twenty-six participants diagnosed with bulimia nervosa (BN) and 30 normal controls (NC) were exposed to body-related and neutral TV commercials; then food that typically triggers binge eating was provided, and the amount of food eaten was measured. No significant difference for food intake between NC and BN could be found, but food intake for BN was predicted by the degree of thoughts related to eating behaviors during exposure to the thin ideal. No impact of general body image or eating pathology on food intake could be found. The results…
A questionnaire assessing women's care needs related to gynaecological cancer screening: development of the GCSCNS.
2013
Abstract Objective To identify women's care needs concerning cancer screening and to develop an instrument suitable for measuring them – the Gynaecological Cancer Screening Care Needs Scale (GCSCNS). We hypothesized that it is possible: (a) to explore care needs and to develop reliable subscales of them, (b) to rank these needs in order of importance, and (c) to detect determinants of these needs (age, social status, marital status, health locus of control) and these need scores. Study design A questionnaire was developed based on the relevant literature, interviews conducted with gynaecological patients, and a consultation with 18 experts. The questionnaire listed 58 items addressed to phy…
Is the selective information processing of food and body words specific to patients with eating disorders?
1993
The selective processing of food- and body size-related information was investigated using a modified version of the Stroop task. Anorexic and bulimic patients and matched female controls were compared on the basis of categorical (diagnosis), dimensional (restraint and drive for thinness) criteria, or both. The findings suggest that the phenomenon assessed by the Stroop paradigm is not exclusive to patients with a clinical eating disorder, but patients and those control subjects who are restrained eaters with a high drive for thinness share a selective processing of information related to shape and eating. The discussion focuses on the implications of these findings. © 1993 by lohn Wiley & …
Emotional Self-Regulation Therapy for Smoking Reduction: Description and Initial Empirical Data
1995
Abstract Self-regulation therapy (Amigoo, 1992) is a set of procedures derived from cognitive skill training programs for increasing hypnotizability. First, experiences are generated by actual stimuli. Clients are then asked to associate those experiences with various cues. They are then requested to generate the experiences in response to the cues, but without the actual stimuli. When they are able to do so quickly and easily, therapeutic suggestions are given. Studies of self-regulation therapy indicate that it can be used successfully to treat smoking.