Search results for "International"
showing 10 items of 4922 documents
Anulación del privacy shield en las transferencias internacionales de datos : ¿presenciamos un desplazamiento fáctico de la responsabilidad?
2021
This study provides a comprehensive analysis of international transfers of personal data to third countries or international organizations due to new privacy regulation. More specifically, it analyzes the effects on this regulatory scheme of the annulment of the Privacy Shield in the transatlantic information movements between the European Union and the United States and how this implies, in fact, a transfer of responsibility to the controller
Self-Organized Linguistic Systems: From traditional AI to bottom-up generative processes
2018
Este trabajo busca explorar el potencial de los procesos generativos bottom-up en el contexto de la producción conlang, con el objetivo de describir las bases de un nuevo campo de investigación: los Sistemas Lingüísticos Autoorganizados o SOLS, específicamente bajo la perspectiva doble de sistemas autoorganizados y lenguajes construidos. El enfoque SOLS proporciona un marco para la creación de lenguajes artificiales autogenerados y puede servir como punto de partida para el desarrollo de lenguajes dependientes del contexto o específicos del dominio. Reconoce que el desarrollo de conlangs puede ocurrir en sociedades artificiales de agentes simples, como resultado de interacciones sociales en…
Perspectives for the Treatment of Brucellosis in the 21st Century: The Ioannina Recommendations
2007
Policy Forum. Competing interests: ER has received research grants from Daiichi, Bayer, and Theravance and has served as a consultant to Pfizer, Theravance, Bayer, Wyeth, Rosetta, and BiondVax. Summary Points Brucellosis remains the commonest anthropozoonosis worldwide, and its treatment remains complex, requiring protracted administration of more than one antibiotic. In November 2006, a consensus meeting aimed at reaching a common specialist statement on the treatment of brucellosis was held in Ioannina, Greece under the auspices of the International Society of Chemotherapy and the Institute of Continuing Medical Education of Ioannina. The author panel suggests that the optimal treatment o…
The Etheral plane of EU decision-making: the relationship between the European Council and the rule of law during the Eurozone and refugee crises
2018
This paper aims to identify whether the European Council has respected the general principle of the rule of law during the actions taken during the Eurozone and refugee crises. The research is structured in three parts: first, a detailed overview of the intuitional formation of the European Council since its origins to the present day, with a closer look at the competences provided for by the Lisbon Treaty. Second, an analysis of the decision-making process of the European Council through the Eurozone and the refugee-management crisis, with more emphasis and detail dedicated to the second one, being far less researched that the first one.
Uncertainty under Norway’s claimed exclusive rights over the Snow crabs in the Archipelago of Svalbard
2019
This thesis explains the legal framework in the Archipelago of Svalbard with an emphasis on the Loophole area. The author will answer the question on what is regulating the Svalbard archipelago and can Norway claim exclusive rights over snow crab. Snow Crab as a resource residing also in the Loophole area has already attracted attention and brought two fishing ships before the Supreme Court of Norway. This thesis explains how the situation has evolved by giving the historical background of the area of Svalbard, provide an overview of the current legal framework, lastly, a case law analyses.
Separate and dissenting opinions: their role in the practice of the ICJ
2019
The purpose of the thesis is to draw attention to the significance of the individual opinions in the practice of the International Court of Justice. The author aims to define the actual role of individual opinions in the system of work of the International Court of Justice by means of analyses of individual opinions appended to the Court’s judgements, rendered under contentious and advisory jurisdiction of the Court. In this thesis possible solutions proposed of how the existence of individual opinions should be regulated in the basic documents of the International Court of Justice.
The status of the right to secession in international law within the context of the conflict between the principles of self-determination and territo…
2020
The principles of self-determination and territorial integrity are some of the most important norms in modern international law, enshrined in the UN Charter and numerous subsequent sources of law. However, in practice, the two come in conflict when a minority group’s desire for complete self-determination in the form of secession confronts the territorial inviolability of the state within which that group resides. This paper seeks to answer how such a situation is managed by the international community through examining the status of a right to secession in international law. It is a concept surrounded by much controversy, however, in the contemporary international arena, where secessionist…
International consequences of the activation of Title III of the Helms Burton Act
2020
In May 2019 the U.S. government activated the Title III of the Helms Burton Act. Title III grants U.S. nationals whose property was expropriated in Cuba after the 1959 revolution a private right of action against those who traffic in their property. The purpose of the thesis is to analyze the legal, political, economic and social consequences of the activation and its incompatibility with international law. The study therefore examines expropriation rights, state immunity from jurisdiction and the extraterritorial application of U.S. laws. Analytical and applied legal research has been conducted by evaluating primary and secondary sources of law such as national legislation, treaties, inter…
Interpretation of manifest excess of powers with regard to jurisdictional and applicable law matters in the ICSID annulment proceedings within the me…
2019
There are a limited number of post-award remedies available, the annulment mechanism being the only plausible way to challenge the award. The annulment provision, Article 52, allows challenging the award with regard to the procedural matters only. The most frequently ground for annulment is “manifest excess of powers” as listed in the said provision. However it is not identified what errors of a Tribunal fall within this ground, as well as there is nothing about applicable law and jurisdictional matters in the provision. The thesis aims to analyze how the “manifest excess of powers” is interpreted and applied with regard to jurisdictional and applicable law matters. While some of the errors…