Search results for "Intestin"

Bisphenol A (BPA) and atrazine inhibit the embryonic development ofCiona intestinalis(Ascidiacea, Urochordata)

2013

The toxicities of bisphenol A (BPA) and atrazine in Ciona intestinalis development were examined in two separate series of experiments. The fertilized eggs were exposed to BPA or atrazine at concen...

Transgenerational effects on intestinal inflammation status in mice perinatally exposed to bisphenol S

2020

International audience; Increasing evidence has highlighted the critical role of early life environment in shaping the future health outcomes of individuals in subsequent generations. Bisphenol S (BPS) has been widely used as a substitute for various plastic materials due to the limited application of Bisphenol A (BPA) which is an endocrine disruptor. However, the lack of efficient evaluation of BPS leaves doubts about the relevant substitute of BPA. Few studies of transgenerational inheritance have examined the effects of environmental exposures to endocrine disruptors on the immune system. In this study, we analyzed the transgenerational effects of BPS on intestinal inflammation and its c…

Acute activation of cannabinoid receptors by anandamide reduces gastrointestinal motility and improves postprandial glycemia in mice.

2015

International audience; The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is associated with an alteration of glucose homeostasis dependent on cannabinoid receptor-1 (CB1R) activation. However, very little information is available concerning the consequences of ECS activation on intestinal glucose absorption. Mice were injected intraperitoneally with anandamide, an endocannabinoid binding both CB1R and CB2R. We measured plasma glucose and xylose appearance after oral loading, gastrointestinal motility, and glucose transepithelial transport using the everted sac method. Anandamide improved hyperglycemia after oral glucose charge whereas glucose clearance and insulin sensitivity were impaired, pointing out so…

Influence of capsaicin-sensitive afferent neurones on the acid secretory responses of the rat stomach in vivo.

1990

1. The influence of capsaicin-sensitive afferent neurones in modulating acid-secretory responses has been investigated in the continuously perfused stomach of the anaesthetized rat. 2. Ablation of primary afferent neurones, after systemic neonatal pretreatment with high doses of capsaicin, did not modify acid responses to direct stimuli of the oxyntic cell with histamine (5 mg kg-1), pentagastrin (20 micrograms kg-1) or carbachol (4 micrograms kg-1). 3. Acid responses to hypoglycaemia induced by insulin (0.3 iu kg-1) were not influenced by systemic capsaicin pretreatment or by acute coeliac ganglionectomy. Vagotomy abolished this secretory response. 4. The increase in acid output induced by…

The gut microbiota: An emerging risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease

2018

Commensal gut microbiota have recently been implicated in cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cerebrovascular disease. Atherosclerotic plaque formation depends on the colonization status of the host. In addition to host nutrition and the related microbiota-dependent metabolic changes, activation of innate immune pathways triggers the development of atherosclerosis and supports arterial thrombosis. Gnotobiotic mouse models have uncovered that activation of Toll-like receptor-2 by gut microbial ligands supports von Willebrand factor-integrin mediated platelet deposition to the site of vascular injury. Depending on nutritional factors, the microbiota-derived choline-metabolite trimethylamine N-ox…

The Gut Microbiota as an Influencing Factor of Arterial Thrombosis

2018

The mutualistic gut microbiota does not only impact the development and function of various immune cell types, but it also influences the function of the hepatic vascular endothelium and prothrombotic platelet function. With germ-free mouse models, we have demonstrated that gut-derived microbial-associated molecular patterns could stimulate hepatic von Willebrand factor (VWF) synthesis and plasmatic VWF levels through Toll-like receptor-2 (TLR2), thus defining the extent of platelet deposition to the subendothelial matrix of the ligation-injured common carotid artery. In addition to the microbiota-derived choline metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide and the microbiota's regulatory role on the …

Blood flow patterns spatially associated with platelet aggregates in murine colitis.

2009

In the normal murine mucosal plexus, blood flow is generally smooth and continuous. In inflammatory conditions, such as chemically-induced murine colitis, the mucosal plexus demonstrates markedly abnormal flow patterns. The inflamed mucosal plexus is associated with widely variable blood flow velocity as well as discontinuous and even bidirectional flow. To investigate the mechanisms responsible for these blood flow patterns, we used intravital microscopic examination of blood flow within the murine mucosal plexus during dextran sodium sulphate-and trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid-induced colitis. The blood flow patterns within the mucosal plexus demonstrated flow exclusion in 18% of the vessel…

Phase II trial to evaluate efficacy and tolerance of regorafenib monotherapy in patients (pts) over 70 with previously treated metastatic colorectal …

2018

Bioaccessibility of Enniatins A, A1, B, and B1 in Different Commercial Breakfast Cereals, Cookies, and Breads of Spain

2013

Fusarotoxins enniatins (ENs) can represent a potential risk as natural contaminants of cereal commodities. However, only their bioaccessible fraction can exert a toxicity. The purpose of this study was to determine the ENs A, A₁, B, and B₁ bioaccessibility added in 1.5 and 3.0 μmol/g concentrations in breakfast cereals, cookies, and breads using a simulated in vitro gastrointestinal extraction model. Bioaccessibility values ranged between 40.4 ± 1.9 and 79.9 ± 2.8%. The lower values were 50.1, 40.4, 43.9, and 46.3% in wheat bran with fibers, and the higher values were 79.9, 64.2, 69.8, and 73.6% in white loaf bread for the ENs A, A₁, B, and B₁, respectively. Food composition, compounds stru…

A new form of tumor and fetal collagen that binds laminin.

1993

Human breast and colon carcinoma tissues contain a form of collagen, not described before, composed of alpha 1 chains of similar size (approximately 100 kDa) but different charge. The three constitutive chains, separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis, are a unique acidic component, undetectable in other collagen types, with an apparent isoelectric point of 4-5, and two more basic components displaying the same electrophoretic behavior as alpha 1(III) and alpha 1(I), respectively. The acidic chain is structurally distinct from alpha 1(I) and displays a cyanogen bromide-derived fragment of similar size to CB5(III). This collagen in its native state is resistant to trypsin and metalloprot…