Search results for "Intestin"

Intestinal helminth communities of the long-finned pilot whale (Globicephala melas) off the Faroe Islands.

1993

SUMMARYThe intestines of 170 long-finned pilot whales, Globicephala melas, caught off the Faroe Islands (N.E. Atlantic) were examined for helminth parasites. Eight species were detected but only 4 occurred in at least 10% of the sample. No core or recurrent group of species were identified and no correlations between abundances of species were significant. Diversity values were far below those reported for other endotherms. Colonization by helminths was random, whales not being readily colonized. These features point to largely unpredictable, isolationist infracommunities, there being little potential for inter-specific interactions. Older hosts tended to harbour more diverse infracommuniti…

A Dual-Process Model Applied to Two Health-Promoting Nutrition Behaviours

2021

We tested a dual process model incorporating constructs that reflect both performing the target behaviour (behaviour directed habit) and habits that run counter to the target behaviour (opposing behaviour habit) in accounting for variance in two health behaviours: eating the recommended serves of fruits and vegetables a day and restricting sugar-sweetened beverage consumption. A prospective correlational design with two waves of data collection separated by one week was adopted. Participants (N = 606) comprising middle school students (n = 266) and university students (n = 340) completed an initial survey comprising self-report measures of past behaviour, intention, and habit to perform the…

Diagnosis of Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity (NCGS): The Salerno Experts’ Criteria

2015

Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity (NCGS) is a syndrome characterized by intestinal and extra-intestinal symptoms related to the ingestion of gluten-containing food, in subjects that are not affected by either celiac disease or wheat allergy. Given the lack of a NCGS biomarker, there is the need for standardizing the procedure leading to the diagnosis confirmation. In this paper we report experts' recommendations on how the diagnostic protocol should be performed for the confirmation of NCGS. A full diagnostic procedure should assess the clinical response to the gluten-free diet (GFD) and measure the effect of a gluten challenge after a period of treatment with the GFD. The clinical evaluation i…

Endoscopic confocal imaging.

2005

In vivo fluorescence endomicroscopy is a newly developed diagnostic tool enabling virtual in vivo histology of the mucosal layer during ongoing endoscopy. This review summarizes currently available data about the technique and clinical use of confocal endomicroscopy. Indications discussed include colorectal cancer evaluation, ulcerative colitis and surveillance, Barrett's esophagus, and detection of Helicobacter pylori infection in vivo.

What new endoscopic imaging modalities will become important in the diagnosis of IBD?

2008

New imaging techniques and opportunities in endoscopy.

2011

Gastrointestinal endoscopy is undergoing major improvements, which are driven by new available technologies and substantial refinements of optical features. In this Review, we summarize available and evolving imaging technologies that could influence the clinical algorithm of endoscopic diagnosis. Detection, characterization and confirmation are essential steps required for proper endoscopic diagnosis. Optical and nonoptical methods can help to improve each step; these improvements are likely to increase the detection rate of neoplasias and reduce unnecessary endoscopic treatments. Furthermore, functional and molecular imaging are emerging as new diagnostic tools that could provide an oppor…

Advanced endoscopic imaging for gastric cancer assessment: new insights with new optics?

2014

The most immediate strategy for improving survival of gastric cancer patients is secondary prevention through diagnosis of early gastric cancer either through screening or follow-up of individuals at high risk. Endoscopy examination is therefore of paramount importance and two general steps are to be known in assessing gastric mucosa - detection and characterization. Over the past decade, the advent of advanced endoscopic imaging technology led to diverse descriptions of these modalities reporting them to be useful in this setting. In this review, we aim at summarizing the current evidence on the use of advance imaging in individuals at high-risk (i.e., advance stages of gastric atrophy/int…

Coexpression of inducible NO synthase and soluble guanylyl cyclase in colonic enterocytes: a pathophysiologic signaling pathway for the initiation of…

1998

Infectious diarrhea is often caused by the exotoxins of gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli. However, these organisms also contain lipopolysaccharide (LPS) endotoxin. LPS induces nitric oxide synthase II (NOS II, inducible NOS) in various types of cells. We now demonstrate by RNase protection analysis, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry that the expression of NOS II mRNA and protein is markedly induced in colonic enterocytes of mice that ingest LPS with their drinking water. Using the same techniques, significant levels of soluble guanylyl cyclase (GC-S), the effector enzyme of NO, were found constitutively expressed in the mucosa. This creates a pathophysiologic autocrine p…

Congenital secretory diarrhoea caused by activating germline mutations in GUCY2C

2016

Objective Congenital sodium diarrhoea (CSD) refers to a form of secretory diarrhoea with intrauterine onset and high faecal losses of sodium without congenital malformations. The molecular basis for CSD remains unknown. We clinically characterised a cohort of infants with CSD and set out to identify disease-causing mutations by genome-wide genetic testing. Design We performed whole-exome sequencing and chromosomal microarray analyses in 4 unrelated patients, followed by confirmatory Sanger sequencing of the likely disease-causing mutations in patients and in their family members, followed by functional studies. Results We identified novel de novo missense mutations in GUCY2C, the gene encod…

Intestinal tuberculosis as a cause of chronic diarrhoea among patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection: report of two cases.

2001

In Western countries human immunodeficiency virus infection is considered the main risk factor of tuberculous disease, its incidence being 500 times higher in HIV-infected patients than in the general population. Despite the disease frequently present in these patients with extraintestinal manifestations, intestinal localization is rarely observed and often as a consequence of complications such as acute gastrointestinal bleeding or perforation. The diagnosis of intestinal tuberculosis is difficult and is often delayed due to the lack of specific signs and symptoms as well as the low sensitivity of routine methods. A review of the literature is made and personal experience in the diagnosis …