Search results for "Intestinal Microbiome"
showing 10 items of 186 documents
Gut Microbiota Analysis Results Are Highly Dependent on the 16S rRNA Gene Target Region, Whereas the Impact of DNA Extraction Is Minor
2017
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is currently the method of choice for analyzing gut microbiota composition. As gut microbiota composition is a potential future target for clinical diagnostics, it is of utmost importance to enhance and optimize the NGS analysis procedures. Here, we have analyzed the impact of DNA extraction and selected 16S rDNA primers on the gut microbiota NGS results. Bacterial DNA from frozen stool specimens was extracted with 5 commercially available DNA extraction kits. Special attention was paid to the semiautomated DNA extraction methods that could expedite the analysis procedure, thus being especially suitable for clinical settings. The microbial composition was an…
Advances in drug-induced cholestasis: Clinical perspectives, potential mechanisms and in vitro systems
2018
Despite growing research, drug-induced liver injury (DILI) remains a serious issue of increasing importance to the medical community that challenges health systems, pharmaceutical industries and drug regulatory agencies. Drug-induced cholestasis (DIC) represents a frequent manifestation of DILI in humans, which is characterised by an impaired canalicular bile flow resulting in a detrimental accumulation of bile constituents in blood and tissues. From a clinical point of view, cholestatic DILI generates a wide spectrum of presentations and can be a diagnostic challenge. The drug classes mostly associated with DIC are anti-infectious, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, psychotropic and cardiov…
Therapeutic Opportunities in Intestinal Microbiota–Virus Interactions
2018
The host microbiota has emerged a third player in interactions between hosts and viral pathogens. This opens new possibilities to use different tools to modulate the intestinal microbial composition, aimed at reducing the risk of or treating viral enteric infections.
Presence of Blastocystis in gut microbiota is associated with cognitive traits and decreased executive function.
2022
Growing evidence implicates the gut microbiome in cognition. Blastocystis is a common gut single-cell eukaryote parasite frequently detected in humans but its potential involvement in human pathophysiology has been poorly characterized. Here we describe how the presence of Blastocystis in the gut microbiome was associated with deficits in executive function and altered gut bacterial composition in a discovery (n = 114) and replication cohorts (n = 942). We also found that Blastocystis was linked to bacterial functions related to aromatic amino acids metabolism and folate-mediated pyrimidine and one-carbon metabolism. Blastocystis-associated shifts in bacterial functionality translated into …
Effects of a Lactobacillus salivarius mixture on performance, intestinal health and serum lipids of broiler chickens
2017
The ban or severe restriction on the use of antibiotics in poultry feeds to promote growth has led to considerable interest to find alternative approaches. Probiotics have been considered as such alternatives. In the present study, the effects of a Lactobacillus mixture composed from three previously isolated Lactobacillus salivarius strains (CI1, CI2 and CI3) from chicken intestines on performance, intestinal health status and serum lipids of broiler chickens has been evaluated. Supplementation of the mixture at a concentration of 0.5 or 1 g kg-1 of diet to broilers for 42 days improved body weight, body weight gain and FCR, reduced total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides, inc…
Beyond Physical Exercise: The Role of Nutrition, Gut Microbiota and Nutraceutical Supplementation in Reducing Age-related Sarcopenia
2021
Sarcopenia is a commonly prevalent geriatric condition mainly characterized by progressive loss of the skeletal muscle mass that results in noticeably reduced muscle strength and quality. Most of the geriatric population above 60 years of age are overweight, leading to the accumulation of fat in the muscles resulting in abated muscle function. The increased loss of muscle mass is associated with high rates of disability, poor motility, frailty and mortality. The excessive degeneration of muscles is now also being observed in middle-aged people. Therefore, geriatrics has recently started shifting towards the identification of early stages of the disability in order to expand the life span o…
Comparable response of wild rodent gut microbiome to anthropogenic habitat contamination
2021
Abstract Species identity is thought to dominate over environment in shaping wild rodent gut microbiota, but it remains unknown whether the responses of host gut microbiota to shared anthropogenic habitat impacts are species-specific or if the general gut microbiota response is similar across host species. Here, we compare the influence of exposure to radionuclide contamination on the gut microbiota of four wild mouse species: Apodemus flavicollis, A. sylvaticus, A. speciosus and A. argenteus. Building on the evidence that radiation impacts bank vole (Myodes glareolus) gut microbiota, we hypothesized that radiation exposure has a general impact on rodent gut microbiota. Because we sampled (…
Interleukin-17 Inhibition in Spondyloarthritis Is Associated With Subclinical Gut Microbiome Perturbations and a Distinctive Interleukin-25-Driven In…
2020
Objective To characterize the ecological effects of biologic therapies on the gut bacterial and fungal microbiome in psoriatic arthritis (PsA)/spondyloarthritis (SpA) patients. Methods Fecal samples from PsA/SpA patients pre- and posttreatment with tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi; n = 15) or an anti-interleukin-17A monoclonal antibody inhibitor (IL-17i; n = 14) underwent sequencing (16S ribosomal RNA, internal transcribed spacer and shotgun metagenomics) and computational microbiome analysis. Fecal levels of fatty acid metabolites and cytokines/proteins implicated in PsA/SpA pathogenesis or intestinal inflammation were correlated with sequence data. Additionally, ileal biopsies obtai…
THE FINGERPRINT OF THE HUMAN GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT MICROBIOTA: A HYPOTHESIS OF MOLECULAR MAPPING
2017
The precise etiology of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IDB) remains unclear and several factors are believed to play a role in its development and progression, including the composition of microbial communities resident in the gastrointestinal tract. Human intestinal microbiota are extensive with at least 15,000-36,000 bacterial species. However, thanks to the new development in sequencing and molecular taxonomic methodologies, our understanding of the microbiota population composition, dynamics, and ecology has greatly increased. Intestinal microbiota play a critical role in the maintenance of the host intestinal barrier homeostasis, while dysbiosis, which involves reduction in the microbiome…
Mast cells crosstalk with B cells in the gut and sustain IgA response in the inflamed intestine.
2021
B lymphocytes are among the cell types whose effector functions are modulated by mast cells (MCs). The B/MC crosstalk emerged in several pathological settings, notably the colon of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients is a privileged site in which MCs and IgA+ cells physically interact. Herein, by inducing conditional depletion of MCs in red MC and basophil (RMB) mice, we show that MCs control B cell distribution in the gut and IgA serum levels. Moreover, in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-treated RMB mice, the presence of MCs is fundamental for the enlargement of the IgA+ population in the bowel and the increase of systemic IgA production. Since both conventional B-2 and peritoneal-deriv…