Search results for "Intestinal absorption"

The metabolism and availability of essential fatty acids in animal and human tissues.

1994

Essential fatty acids (EFA), which are not synthesized in animal and human tissues, belong to the n-6 and n-3 families of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), derived from linoleic acid (LA, 18:2n-6) and alpha-linolenic acid (LNA, 18:3n-3). Optimal requirements are 3-6% of ingested energy for LA and 0.5-1% for LNA in adults. Requirements in LNA are higher in development. Dietary sources of LA and LNA are principally plants, while arachidonic acid (AA, 20:4n-6) is found in products from terrestrian animals, and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are found in products from marine animals. EFA are principally present in dietary triacylglycerols, which should be hydrolyze…

Hyperammonemic encephalopathy after urinary diversion. Diet therapy

2016

Arsenic Through the Gastrointestinal Tract

2015

Intestinal barrier function regulates (micro-)nutrient absorption and host defense mechanisms at the mucosal interface with the external environment. Maintaining gut homeostasis is essential for human health; however, many factors including food and water pollutants may affect the physiological balance at the intestinal level. One of the contaminants of highest health concern is arsenic, which affects more than 200 million people worldwide, causing cancer and cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Arsenic affects intestinal health by disrupting barrier function and inducing inflammatory responses. Processes involved in the transiting of arsenic through the gastrointestinal tract can affect …

NEW INTERPRETATION OF ORAL GLUCOSE TOLERANCE

1964

Effects of chronic alcohol consumption on enzyme activities and active methionine absorption in the small intestine of pregnant rats.

1996

The present study evaluates the effect of chronic alcohol intake on the intestinal transport of methionine during pregnancy. For this purpose, we have used an in vitro technique that allows measurement of the unidirectional influx of the amino acids across the brush-border membrane of the rat mid-jejunum, and the basolateral membrane enzyme Na+, K+-ATPase was also evaluated in the duodenum and jejunum. For chronic alcohol treatment, the rats were fed a liquid diet containing ethanol (36% of calories) or an isocaloric diet-(pair-fed control) for 5 weeks before and during pregnancy. Animals were killed at 21 days of gestation. Results from the kinetic analysis revealed that chronic ethanol tr…

An exploratory study of two Caco-2 cell models for oral absorption: A report on their within-laboratory and between-laboratory variability, and their…

2010

In 2005, the European Centre for the Validation of Alternative Methods (ECVAM) sponsored a study aimed at evaluating the reproducibility (between-laboratory and within-laboratory variability) and the predictive capacity of two in vitro cellular systems — the Caco-2/ATCC parental cell line and the Caco-2/TC7 clone — for estimating the oral fraction absorbed (Fa) in humans. Two laboratories, both of which had experience with Caco-2 cultures, participated in the study. Ten test chemicals with documented in vivo oral absorption data were selected. Atenolol, cimetidine and propranolol were included as reference compounds for low, medium and high intestinal absorption, respectively. Transport ex…

High Intestinal Cholesterol Absorption Is Associated With Cardiovascular Disease and Risk Alleles in ABCG8 and ABO

2013

Objectives This study sought to determine whether high intestinal cholesterol absorption represents a cardiovascular risk factor and to link ABCG8 and ABO variants to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Background Plant sterol–enriched functional foods are widely used for cholesterol lowering. Their regular intake yields a 2-fold increase in circulating plant sterol levels that equally represent markers of cholesterol absorption. Variants in ABCG8 and ABO have been associated with circulating plant sterol levels and CVD, thereby suggesting atherogenic effects of plant sterols or of cholesterol uptake. Methods The cholestanol-to-cholesterol ratio (CR) was used as an estimate of cholesterol absorpt…

Absorption of protein in the early postoperative period in chronic conscious dogs.

1988

Postoperative alterations in amino acid exchange across the intestinal tract and in the capacity for protein absorption were investigated in a chronic canine model. Changes in postoperative splanchnic amino acid exchange consisted of a temporary decrease of total splanchnic amino acid release, including a significant reduction in alanine production, and an increase in glutamine consumption. Contrary to results under stable metabolic conditions, branched chain amino acids were also taken up by the intestine in the early postoperative period. The changes in postoperative amino acid exchange were not, however, reflected by a corresponding alteration in protein transport capacity. The absorptiv…

Clinical pharmacokinetics of atenolol — A review

1982

Atenolol is a hydrophilic betareceptor blocking drug, which is predominantly eliminated via the kidneys, only about 5% of the atenolol is metabolised by the liver. After oral administration atenolol is incompletely absorbed from the intestine, so about 50% of the beta blocker are finally biovailable. In plasma only 3% of atenolol are protein-bound. There exists a linear relationship between the atenolol plasma levels and the degree of beta blocking effect measured by inhibition of the exercise-induced tachycardia. No correlation was found between plasma levels of atenolol and blood pressure lowering activity of the drug. After oral administration elimination half life of atenolol is calcula…