Search results for "Intestinal"

Obesity and diabetes-Not only a simple link between two epidemics

2018

Summary Diabetes (DM) as well as obesity, due to their increasing incidence, were recognized as epidemic by the World Health Organization. Obesity is involved not only in the aetiopathogenesis of the most common worldwide type of DM—type 2 diabetes—but also in the development of its complications. There is also increasing scientific evidence regarding the role of obesity and overweight in type 1 diabetes. Weight gain may be considered as a complication of insulin treatment but also reveals significant pathophysiological impact on various stages of the disease. Another very important aspect related to DM as well as obesity is the microbiome, which is highly variable. The function of the gut …

Separated hemocyte populations from the ascidian Ciona intestinalis contain and release in vitro opsonizingCa++-independent and β-galactoside specifi…

2007

ORAL MICROBIOTA: CHARACTERISTICS, RELATED PATHOLOGIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTS

2020

The oral microbiota is represented by the set of bacteria and microrganisms that reside in the oral cavity. It is formed from bird and stabilizes during the period of permanent dentition. The oral microbiota poresents from 500 to 700 bacterial species, belonging to six main phyla, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Spirochaetes and Fusobacteria. These bacteria partecipate in the formation of dental plaque, a sort of biofilm that deposits on the rigid surfaces of the oral cavity, and contributes to the healthy maintenance of the oral cavity. An alteration of the oral microbiota contributes to the pathogenesis of periodontitis, caries, gingivitis and also of systemic d…

A RARE CASE OF PERFORATED ILEAL DIVERTICULITIS IN A YOUNG MAN: A CASE REPORT AND LITERATURE REVIEW

2021

Jejunoileal diverticulosis is a rare, often asymptomatic condition, consisting of acquired false diverticula. Diagnosis of ileal perforation is usually made incidentally or after complications, including obstruction, haemorrhage, and diverticulitis. A previously healthy 17-year-old man presented to the Emergency Department with diffuse abdominal pain and fever. CT scan showed air-fluid level in the RLQ and free intraperitoneal air and fluid. The patient underwent an urgent exploratory laparotomy with an intestinal resection and primary anastomosis. We report a rare case of ileal perforation, due to diverticular disease in a healthy young man, treated with an urgent surgery. Such an event re…

Molecular cloning, characterization and expression analysis of peroxinectin from Ciona intestinalis

2013

Induction of body weight loss through RNAi-knockdown of APOBEC1 gene expression in transgenic rabbits

2014

In the search of new strategies to fight against obesity, we targeted a gene pathway involved in energy uptake. We have thus investigated the APOB mRNA editing protein (APOBEC1) gene pathway that is involved in fat absorption in the intestine. The APOB gene encodes two proteins, APOB100 and APOB48, via the editing of a single nucleotide in the APOB mRNA by the APOBEC1 enzyme. The APOB48 protein is mandatory for the synthesis of chylomicrons by intestinal cells to transport dietary lipids and cholesterol. We produced transgenic rabbits expressing permanently and ubiquitously a small hairpin RNA targeting the rabbit APOBEC1 mRNA. These rabbits exhibited a moderately but significantly reduced …

Characterization and transcription studies of a phytochelatin synthase gene from the solitary tunicate Ciona intestinalis exposed to cadmium.

2014

The major thiol-containing molecules involved in controlling the level of intracellular ROS in eukaryotes, acting as a nonenzymatic detoxification system, are metallothioneins (MTs), glutathione (GSH) and phytochelatins (PCs). Both MTs and GSH are well-known in the animal kingdom. PC was considered a prerogative of the plant kingdom but, in 2001, a phytochelatin synthase (PCS) gene was described in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans; additional genes encoding this enzyme were later described in the earthworm Eisenia fetida and in the parasitic nematode Schistosoma mansoni but scanty data are available, up to now, for Deuterostomes. Here, we describe the molecular characteristics and transc…

Influencia del procesamiento de la leche humana donada sobre la microbiota intestinal, la expresión genómica y el equilibrio oxidativo en recién naci…

2021

A nivel mundial, 15 millones de bebés nacen prematuros cada año. El período neonatal es un período de vida excepcionalmente vulnerable durante el cual los recién nacidos a término (RNT) pero especialmente los prematuros tienen, un mayor riesgo de mortalidad y morbilidad que puede conducir a secuelas neurocognitivas, motoras y sensoriales permanentes, constituyendo así un grave problema de salud económico y social. Una colonización microbiana adecuada durante este periodo es fundamental para la maduración apropiada del sistema inmune, el metabolismo así como el desarrollo del sistema nervioso central, favoreciendo la maduración de funciones cognitivas y sensoriales, como la visión. Las alter…

Análisis de procesos inmunorreguladores en helmintiasis intestinales mediante el modelo Echinostoma caproni-ratón

2021

En la presente Tesis Doctoral se analizan diferentes parámetros que intervienen en las interacciones parásito-hospedador en helmintiasis intestinales mediante el empleo del modelo experimental Echinostoma caproni-ratón ICR. Para ello, se realizan diferentes estudios en los que se analiza y compara la respuesta inmunitaria en infecciones primarias, asociadas a susceptibilidad, y secundarias, asociadas a resistencia. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran que la susceptibilidad del ratón a la infección primaria con E. caproni se debe a su incapacidad de responder con producción de IL-25 lo cual determina que se genere una respuesta Th1 asociada a susceptibilidad. Asimismo, estos resultados ponen…

Metabolomics: An Emerging Approach to Understand Pathogenesis and to Assess Diagnosis and Response to Treatment in Spondyloarthritis

2022

Spondyloarthritis (SpA) is a group of rheumatic diseases whose pathogenesis relies on a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. Over the last several years, the importance of the alteration of the gut microbiota, known as dysbiosis, and the interaction of bacterial products with host immunity have been highlighted as intriguing key players in SpA development. The recent advent of the so called “-omics” sciences, that include metabolomics, opened the way to a new approach to SpA through a deeper characterisation of the pathogenetic mechanisms behind the disease. In addition, metabolomics can reveal potential new biomarkers to diagnose and monitor SpA patients. The aim of…