Search results for "Intestinal"
showing 10 items of 2024 documents
NEW THERAPEUTIC PERSPECTIVES IN IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME: TARGETING LOW-GRADE INFLAMMATION, IMMUNO-NEUROENDOCRINE AXIS, MOTILITY, SDECRETION AND BEYO…
2017
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic, recurring, and remitting functional disorder of the gastrointestinal tract characterized by abdominal pain, distention, and changes in bowel habits. Although there are several drugs for IBS, effective and approved treatments for one or more of the symptoms for various IBS subtypes are needed. Improved understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms such as the role of impaired bile acid metabolism, neurohormonal regulation, immune, dysfunction, the epithelial barrier and the secretory properties of the gut has led to advancements in the treatment of IBS. With regards to therapies for restoring intestinal permeability, multiple studies with prebiot…
Ultrasonography (US) in the assessment of pediatric non traumatic gastrointestinal emergencies
2013
AbstractBackgroundNon traumatic gastrointestinal emergencies in the children and neonatal patient is a dilemma for the radiologist in the emergencies room and they presenting characteristics ultrasound features on the longitudinal and axial axis. The most frequent emergencies are : appendicitis, intussusceptions, hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, volvulus due to intestinal malrotation. The aim of this article is to familiarize the reader with the US features.MethodsA retrospective analysis of 200 ultrasound examinations performed in neonatal and children patients with fever, abdominal pain, leukocytosis, vomiting and diarrhea were evaluated.ResultsOf 200 exame 50 cases of intussusceptions, 100…
Trans-epithelial transport of the betalain pigments indicaxanthin and betanin across Caco-2 cell monolayers and influence of food matrix.
2012
Purpose: This study investigated the absorption mechanism of the phytochemicals indicaxanthin and betanin and the influence of their food matrix (cactus pear and red beet) on the intestinal transport. Methods: Trans-epithelial transport of dietary-consistent amounts of indicaxanthin and betanin in Caco-2 cell monolayers seeded on TranswellR inserts was measured in apical to basolateral (AP-BL) and basolateral to apical (BL-AP) direction, under an inwardly directed pH gradient (pH 6.0/7.4, AP/BL) mimicking luminal and serosal sides of human intestinal epithelium. The effect of inhibitors of membrane transporters on the absorption was also evaluated. Contribution of the paracellular route was…
Improving Dissolution Behavior and Oral Absorption of Drugs with pH-Dependent Solubility Using pH Modifiers: A Physiologically Realistic Mass Transpo…
2021
Orally dosed drugs must dissolve in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract before being absorbed through the epithelial cell membrane. In vivo drug dissolution depends on the GI tract's physiological conditions such as pH, residence time, luminal buffers, intestinal motility, and transit and drug properties under fed and fasting conditions (Paixao, P. et al. Mol. Pharm. 2018 and Bermejo, et al. M. Mol. Pharm. 2018). The dissolution of an ionizable drug may benefit from manipulating in vivo variables such as the environmental pH using pH-modifying agents incorporated into the dosage form. A successful example is the use of such agents for dissolution enhancement of BCS class IIb (high-permeability,…
Bioaccessibility of calcium, iron and zinc from three legume samples
2004
Legumes can be a source of mineral elements but also of antinutritional factors which can affect their absorption. An in vitro method including gastrointestinal digestion was used to estimate mineral bioavailability. Soluble (bioaccessible) and insoluble calcium, iron and zinc from white beans, chickpeas and lentils were determined after gastrointestinal digestion. The influence of the original sample weight on the soluble mineral fraction was also estimated. The results obtained show that white beans are the legumes with the highest bioaccessible calcium and iron contents. Lentils have a high iron content but its bioaccessibility is much lower than that of iron from white beans and chickpe…
Viscosity-mediated negative food effect on oral absorption of poorly-permeable drugs with an absorption window in the proximal intestine: In vitro ex…
2014
Concomitant food intake can diminish oral absorption of drugs with limited permeability and an absorption window in the proximal intestine, due to viscosity-mediated decrease in dosage form disintegration time and drug dissolution rate. Three poorly-permeable drugs (atenolol, metformin hydrochloride, and furosemide) exhibiting negative food effect, and one highly-soluble and highly-permeable (metoprolol tartrate), serving as a negative control, were selected for the study. In vitro and in silico tools were used to evaluate the influence of media viscosity on drug bioperformance under fasted and fed conditions. The obtained results demonstrated that increased medium viscosity in the presence…
Cubic Microcontainers Improve In Situ Colonic Mucoadhesion and Absorption of Amoxicillin in Rats
2020
An increased interest in colonic drug delivery has led to a higher focus on the design of delivery devices targeting this part of the gastrointestinal tract. Microcontainers have previously facilitated an increase in oral bioavailability of drugs. The surface texture and shape of microcontainers have proven to influence the mucoadhesion ex vivo. In the present work, these findings were further investigated using an in situ closed-loop perfusion technique in the rat colon, which allowed for simultaneous evaluation of mucoadhesion of the microcontainers as well as drug absorption. Cylindrical, triangular and cubic microcontainers, with the same exterior surface area, were evaluated based on i…
Influence of gamma-aminobutyric acid on baclofen intestinal absorption.
1994
Since previous studies suggested that baclofen absorption in the rat middle intestine was inhibited by beta-alanine and therefore mediated, at least in part, by the beta-aminoacid carrier, we focused our new studies on the analysis of the possible inhibition of the drug by a gamma-aminoacid model compound, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). A rat jejunum in situ study was undertaken in order to evaluate the effect of GABA on baclofen absorption and to establish the inhibition model. Assays using isotonic perfusion solutions of 0.5 mM baclofen with starting GABA concentrations ranging from 0 to 100 mM are reported. The results show that the absorption rate pseudoconstants of the drug decrease a…
Partially competitive inhibition of intestinal baclofen absorption by beta-alanine, a nonessential dietary aminoacid.
1991
In situ intestinal absorption of baclofen in the rat in the presence of beta-alanine has been investigated. Through the perfusion of 0.50 mM baclofen solutions containing variable concentrations of the aminoacid (from 5 to 100 mM), a partially competitive inhibition of baclofen absorption was characterized: absorption rate pseudoconstants of the spasmolytic drug decrease as beta-alanine concentration increases, until a limiting value is obtained (36.8 per cent of that found for baclofen alone). A computer method was developed in order to calculate parameters governing baclofen absorption in the presence of beta-aminoacid, with the following results: Vm = 11.22 mM h-1; Km = 7.42 mM; Ki = 2.4…
Digestion and absorption rates of [3H]-oleic acid and [14C]-triolein do not differ in rats fed heated (-) and (+) gossypol cottonseed and soybean flo…
1998
This study was conducted to compare in vivo the acute effects of heated (+) and (-) gossypol cottonseed flours with those of soybean flour on lipid digestion and absorption in growing rats. Rats were fed by gastric intubation mixed [ 3 H]-oleic acid and [ 14 C]-triolein with heated flours or without flour (control). Lipid digestion and absorption were determined for 6 h after meal intubation. Both radioactivities recovered in gastrointestinal tract were significantly higher in rats fed (+) gossypol cottonseed flour than in all other groups. The majority of both recovered radioactivities was found in stomach contents, then in stomach wall and finally in intestinal wall. The distribution of b…