Search results for "Intravenou"
showing 10 items of 390 documents
Early albumin infusion improves global and local hemodynamics and reduces inflammatory response in hemorrhagic shock.
2002
Objective To evaluate the effects of an early, short-term albumin infusion on mesenteric microcirculation and global hemodynamics in hemorrhagic shock. Design A prospective, randomized study. Setting Animal laboratory at a university medical clinic. Subjects Seventeen Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 250–400 g. Interventions The rats underwent median laparotomy and exteriorization of an ileal loop for intravital microscopy of the mesenteric microcirculation. Volume-controlled hemorrhagic shock was provoked by arterial blood withdrawal (2.5 mL/100 g body weight for 60 mins), followed by a 4-hr reperfusion period. Albumin (20%) or 0.9% NaCl was administered intravenously as a continuous infusion …
Biophysical Models as an Approach To Study Passive Absorption in Drug Development: 6-Fluoroquinolones
1995
A preliminary study attempting to assess and explain the intestinal absorption of a series of antibacterial 7-piperazinyl-6-fluoroquinolones is presented. The synthesis, n-octanol partition coefficients, intrinsic rat gut in situ absorption rate constants, and in vitro antibacterial activity data found for these homologous compounds are described. A fluorimetric, reverse-phase HPLC method was performed for the quantification of the quinolones in absorption and partition samples. Equations based on two classic biophysical absorption models are given for predicting the intrinsic absorption features of the series according to the partition data or merely single structural parameters. In situ a…
Hemin, an inducer of heme oxygenase-1, lowers intraocular pressure in rabbits.
2007
Carbon monoxide (CO) generated from heme may induce vasodilation and exert cyto-protective properties in the eye. This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of hemin, a potent inducer of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), on models of ocular hypertension in rabbits.Ocular hypertension was induced by injecting alpha-chymotrypsin in both eyes under local anesthesia. Only rabbits with an intraocular pressure (IOP) of 25 mmHg or more were used. The dose-response study of the hemin effect on IOP was made by an intravenous injection of the drug (50, 75, and 100 mg/kg) and subsequent IOP monitoring every 6 h. A separate set of animals was pretreated with the HO-1 inhibitor, zinc protoporphyrin-IX …
Influence of intravenously administered lidocaine on cerebral blood flow in a baboon model standardized under controlled general anaesthesia using si…
1993
The baboon under general anaesthesia as a model to assess drug-induced cerebral blood flow changes (delta CBF) using single-photon emission tomography (SPET) offers great in vivo possibilities but has to comply with demands on control of anaesthesia-related influencing factors, such as PaCO2 changes. The model sought in this study and described here allows control of PaCO2, in the baboon under thiopentone anaesthesia by ventilation, and was evaluated for the functional dependence of delta CBF vs delta PaCO2, using SPET technetium-99m hexamethylpropylene amine oxime (HMPAO) and the split-dose method together with controlled ventilation. During the experiment the model was validated for norma…
Anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic profile of fish oil emulsions used in parenteral nutrition-associated liver disease.
2014
Home parenteral nutrition (PN) is associated with many complications including severe hepatobiliary dysfunction. Commercial ω-6 fatty acid-soybean based-lipid emulsions in PN may mediate long term PN associate liver disease (PNALD) whereas ω-3-fish oil parenteral emulsions have shown to reverse PNALD in children. However, its clinical effectiveness in adults has been scarcely reported. In this work, we study the role of soybean and fish oil lipid commercial emulsions on inflammatory and profibrotic liver markers in adults with long term PNALD and in in vitro cellular models. Inflammatory and profibrotic markers were measured in serum of ten adults with long term PNALD and in culture superna…
Titrated hypertonic/hyperoncotic solution for hypotensive fluid resuscitation during uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock in rats.
2002
In volume- or pressure-controlled hemorrhagic shock (HS) a bolus intravenous infusion of hypertonic/hyperoncotic solution (HHS) proved beneficial compared to isotonic crystalloid solutions. During uncontrolled HS in animals, however, HHS by bolus increased blood pressure unpredictably, and increased blood loss and mortality. We hypothesized that a titrated i.v. infusion of HHS, compared to titrated lactated Ringer's solution (LR), for hypotensive fluid resuscitation during uncontrolled HS reduces fluid requirement, does not increase blood loss, and improves survival.We used our three-phased uncontrolled HS outcome model in rats. HS phase I began with blood withdrawal of 3 ml/100g over 15 mi…
Does general anesthesia have a clinical impact on intraocular pressure in children?
2016
Summary Background Reliable measurement of intraocular pressure (IOP) is crucial in pediatric patients with suspected glaucoma. General anesthesia (GA) is usually needed in infants to allow a thorough examination. However, anesthesia itself may influence IOP, depending on the type used and the depth of sedation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the normal distribution of IOP during GA in healthy children and to analyze differences in IOP relative to the anesthetics used and the measurement time point. Methods Approval for this observational study was received from the local institutional review boards and written informed consent was obtained from the children's parents. A total of…
Effects of sevoflurane on cognitive deficit, motor function, and histopathology after cerebral ischemia in rats.
2009
Background: The volatile anesthetic sevoflurane exhibits neuroprotective properties when assessed for motor function and histopathology after cerebral ischemia in rats. Damage of hippocampal neurons after ischemia relates to a number of cognitive deficits that are not revealed by testing animals for motor function. Therefore, the present study evaluates cognitive and behavioral function as well as hippocampal damage in rats subjected to cerebral ischemia under sevoflurane compared with fentanyl/nitrous oxide (N 2 O)/O 2 anesthesia. Methods: Thirty-four rats were trained for 10 days using a hole-board test to detect changes in cognitive and behavioral function. Rats were randomly assigned to…
Impact of inhalation vs. intravenous anaesthesia on autonomic nerves and internal anal sphincter tone.
2014
Background Pelvic intraoperative neuromonitoring (pIONM) aims to identify and spare the autonomic nerves and maintain patients’ quality of life. The effect of anaesthetic agents on the pIONM signal is unknown; therefore, the aim of the present study was to compare the influences of inhalation anaesthesia (IA) and total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA). Methods Twenty rectal cancer patients undergoing open nerve-sparing total mesorectal excision (TME) were assigned to pIONM under either IA or TIVA (n = 10 per group). IA was maintained with sevoflurane and TIVA with propofol. During surgery, pelvic autonomic nerves were electrically stimulated under electromyography (EMG) of the internal anal s…
Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacter cloacae ventriculitis successfully treated with intraventricular …
2014
SummaryWe present a case of post-neurosurgical ventriculitis caused by carbapenemase-producing Enterobacter cloacae successfully treated with intraventricular colistin. Enterobacter spp are intrinsically resistant to aminopenicillins, cefazolin, and cefoxitin due to the production of constitutive chromosomal AmpC beta-lactamases. Moreover, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacter spp have been identified in the USA and Europe, and carbapenems are considered the drug of choice in these cases. Our isolate was sensitive only to fosfomycin, tigecycline, and colistin, and 6 days of intravenous colistin had failed to eradicate the infection. This case provides clinical evidence to …