Search results for "Invention"

showing 10 items of 13027 documents

Carbonization of disclike molecules in porous alumina membranes: toward carbon nanotubes with controlled graphene-layer orientation.

2005

Materials scienceCarbonizationGrapheneAlumina membranesNanotechnologyGeneral ChemistryCarbon nanotubeGeneral MedicineOrientation (graph theory)Catalysislaw.inventionChemical engineeringlawMoleculePorosityLayer (electronics)Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)
researchProduct

P-recovery in a pilot-scale struvite crystallisation reactor for source separated urine systems using seawater and magnesium chloride as magnesium so…

2019

[EN] Practical recovery of a non-renewable nutrient, such as phosphorus (P), is essential to support modern agriculture in the near future. The high P content of urine, makes it an attractive source for practicing the recovery of this crucial nutrient. This paper presents the experimental results at pilot-plant scale of struvite crystallisation from a source-separated urine stream using two different magnesium sources, namely magnesium chloride and seawater. The latter was chosen as sustainable option to perform P-recovery in coastal areas. Real seawater was used to assess in a more realistic way its efficiency to precipitate P as struvite, since its composition (with noticeable concentrati…

Conservation of Natural ResourcesEnvironmental Engineering010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciencesStruviteInorganic chemistryMagnesium Chloridechemistry.chemical_element010501 environmental sciencesUrine01 natural sciencesWaste Disposal Fluidlaw.inventionchemistry.chemical_compoundSettlinglawEnvironmental ChemistrySeawaterAmorphous calcium phosphateCrystallizationWaste Management and DisposalTECNOLOGIA DEL MEDIO AMBIENTE0105 earth and related environmental sciencesMagnesiumPrecipitation (chemistry)PhosphorusPhosphorusPollutionchemistryStruvitePhosphorus recoverySeawaterCrystallizationWater Pollutants Chemical
researchProduct

Mycobacterium tuberculosis Acquires Limited Genetic Diversity in Prolonged Infections, Reactivations and Transmissions Involving Multiple Hosts

2018

9 páginas, 5 figuras y material suplementario en: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2017.02661/full#supplementary-material

0301 basic medicineMicrobiology (medical)lcsh:QR1-502Microbiologylcsh:Microbiologylaw.inventionStrainMycobacterium tuberculosis03 medical and health scienceslawMicroevolutionTuberculosisLatency (engineering)Clonal variantsVariabilityOriginal ResearchGeneticsGenetic diversitybiologyOutbreaksMicroevolutionbiology.organism_classification3. Good health030104 developmental biologyTransmission (mechanics)Whole genome sequencingAfricaSNPs
researchProduct

Actively mode-locked fiber ring laser by intermodal acousto-optic modulation

2010

We report an actively mode-locked fiber ring laser. A simple and low-insertion-loss acousto-optic modulator driven by standing flexural waves, which couples core-to-cladding modes in a standard single-mode optical fiber, is used as an active mechanism for mode locking. Among the remarkable features of the modulator, we mention its high modulation depth (72%), broad bandwidth (187 GHz), easy tunability in the optical wavelength, and low insertion losses (0.7 dB). The narrowest optical pulses obtained were of 95 ps time width, 21 mW peak power, repetition rate of 4.758 MHz, and 110 mW of pump power.

Mode volumeOptical fiberMaterials sciencebusiness.industryPhysics::OpticsPolarization-maintaining optical fiberAtomic and Molecular Physics and Opticslaw.inventionOpticsMode-lockinglawFiber optic sensorFiber laserDispersion-shifted fiberOptoelectronicsPlastic optical fiberbusiness
researchProduct

A Role for the β1-β2Loop in the Gating of 5-HT3Receptors

2005

Based on theTorpedoacetylcholine receptor structure, Unwin and colleagues (Miyazawa et al., 2003; Unwin, 2005) hypothesized that the transduction of agonist binding to channel gate opening involves a “pin-into-socket” interaction between αV46 at the tip of the extracellular β1-β2loop and the transmembrane M2 segment and M2-M3 loop. We mutated to cysteine the aligned positions in the 5-HT3Aand 5-HT3Bsubunit β1-β2loops K81 and Q70, respectively. The maximal 5-HT-activated currents in receptors containing 5-HT3A/K81C or 5-HT3B/Q70C were markedly reduced compared with wild type. Desensitization of wild-type currents involved fast and slow components. Mutant currents desensitized with only the f…

XenopusMolecular Sequence DataGatingCell Linelaw.inventionMicelawExtracellularAnimalsHumansAmino Acid SequenceReceptorIon channelAcetylcholine receptorChemistryGeneral NeuroscienceWild typeProtein Structure TertiaryRatsBiochemistryMutagenesis Site-DirectedBiophysicsFemaleReceptors Serotonin 5-HT3Ion Channel GatingTorpedoCellular/MolecularCysteineThe Journal of Neuroscience
researchProduct

Effectiveness of a project to prevent HIV vertical transmission in the Republic of Congo

2013

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effectiveness of a prevention programme against the vertical transmission of HIV in a resource-limited setting and to investigate variables associated with compliance. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The Kento-Mwana project (2005-2008) provided counselling, serological and biomolecular testing and prophylaxis/therapy to HIV-positive pregnant women and their children attending four antenatal clinics in Pointe Noire, Republic of Congo. Expected and actual rates of vertical transmission of HIV were compared. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed in order to identify variables associated with non-compliance. RESULTS: The observed transmission rate in the group wh…

MaleInfectious Disease TransmissionPMTCTHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV)HIV Infectionsmedicine.disease_causeSettore MED/42 - Igiene Generale E Applicatalaw.inventionlawPregnancyVerticalPharmacology (medical)Prospective StudiesPregnancy Complications InfectiousProspective cohort studyAttrition; Drop-out; Lost to follow-up; Mother-to-child transmission; PMTCT; Congo; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Infant; Infant Newborn; Infectious Disease Transmission Vertical; Male; Patient Acceptance of Health Care; Patient Compliance; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications Infectious; Prospective Studies; Health Services Research; Pharmacology; Pharmacology (medical); Infectious DiseasesInfectiousdrop-outTransmission (mechanics)Infectious DiseasesCongoFemaleHealth Services ResearchMicrobiology (medical)attritionHIV prevention; vertical transmission; republic of CongoTransmission rateHIV preventionTarget populationPrenatal caremedicineHumansLost to follow-upPharmacologylost to follow-upPregnancybusiness.industryInfant Newbornmother-to-child transmissionInfantrepublic of CongoPatient Acceptance of Health Caremedicine.diseaseNewbornInfectious Disease Transmission VerticalPregnancy ComplicationsImmunologyPatient Compliancevertical transmissionbusinessDemography
researchProduct

Economic evaluation of caspofungin vs liposomal amphotericin B for empirical therapy of suspected systemic fungal infection in the German hospital se…

2007

As antifungal agents are frequently used in hematology and oncology, economic data on the empirical therapy of suspected systemic fungal infection are pivotal. Data were analyzed according to: (1) the rate of nephrotoxicity related to treatment with caspofungin in comparison to liposomal amphotericin B (L-AmB) from a randomized clinical trial, (2) the effect of nephrotoxicity on length of hospital stay from a European observational study, and (3) an example of total bottom-up cost in a department of hematology in Germany. All estimates include 95% confidence intervals (CI) using two-stage Monte Carlo simulation on binominal and Gaussian random variables from separate studies with comparable…

medicine.medical_specialtyAntifungal AgentsLiposomal amphotericin Blaw.inventionNephrotoxicitychemistry.chemical_compoundEchinocandinsLipopeptidesRandomized controlled trialDouble-Blind MethodlawCaspofunginBottom-up studyAmphotericin BInternal medicineAmphotericin BGermanymedicineHumansLongitudinal StudiesProspective StudiesProspective cohort studyIntensive care medicineNephrotoxicitybusiness.industryGeneral MedicineHematologybacterial infections and mycosesConfidence intervalEconomic evaluationchemistryMycosesLiposomesNumber needed to treatCosts and Cost AnalysisObservational studyOriginal ArticleCaspofunginbusinessmedicine.drugAnnals of Hematology
researchProduct

Explanatory Psychological Factors of Inconsistently Condom Use among Spanish University Students: Gender Differences

2020

Abstract More than 50% of Spanish youth does not use of condoms correctly and consistently. University students are a particular population at high risk of the HIV infection, other STIs and unwanted pregnancies. The influence of psychological variables in using of condom is analyzed by gender and type of sexual relationship. A total of 256 females and 168 males were assessed (Mage= 20.62; SD = 2.16). A regression logistic analysis showed that sexual sensation seeking appears as an explanatory variable of inconsistently condom use in both females and males in vaginal intercourse, steady relationship intercourse and sex under the alcohol and other drugs effects (adjusted odds ratio between 1.…

MaleLinguistics and LanguageAdolescentSubstance-Related DisordersPopulationProtective factorPsychological interventioncondom use050109 social psychologyLanguage and Linguisticslaw.inventionCondomsYoung Adult03 medical and health sciencesSex Factors0302 clinical medicineCondomlawHumansSensation seekingsexual health promotion0501 psychology and cognitive sciences030212 general & internal medicineRisk factorStudentseducationContraception BehaviorGeneral Psychologyyoutheducation.field_of_studyUnsafe Sex05 social sciencesOdds ratioNeuroticismgender differencesSpaintype of relationshipsFemalePsychologyAlcoholic IntoxicationClinical psychologyThe Spanish Journal of Psychology
researchProduct

Analysis of metallic impurity content by means of VUV and SXR diagnostics in hybrid discharges with hot-spots on the JET-ITER-like wall poloidal limi…

2019

In preparation for the upcoming JET D-T campaign, great effort has been devoted during the 2015-2016 JET campaigns with the ITER-like wall (ILW) to the extension of the high performance H-mode phase in baseline and hybrid scenarios. Hybrid discharges were the only ones that have been stopped by the real-time vessel protection system due hot-spot formation on the outboard poloidal limiter. Generation of hot-spots was linked to the application of high neutral beams injection and ion cyclotron resonance heating (ICRH) power. In tokamaks with high-Z plasma components, the use of ICRH heating is also accompanied by an increased metallic impurity content. Simultaneous control of hot-spot temperat…

SXRhot-spot; plasma impurity; plasma physics; SXR; tokamaks; tungsten; VUV spectroscopyplasma impurityMaterials scienceTokamaktungsten01 natural sciences010305 fluids & plasmasIonlaw.inventionImpuritylaw0103 physical sciencesplasma physicLimiter010306 general physicstokamakJet (fluid)plasma physicsMagnetic confinement fusionPlasmahot-spotCondensed Matter PhysicsNuclear Energy and EngineeringElectric currentAtomic physicstokamaksVUV spectroscopy
researchProduct

Holography, degenerate horizons and entropy

1999

We show that a realization of the correspondence AdS_2/CFT_1 for near extremal Reissner-Nordstrom black holes in arbitrary dimensional Einstein-Maxwell gravity exactly reproduces, via Cardy's formula, the deviation of the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy from extremality. We also show that this mechanism is valid for Schwarzschild-de Sitter black holes around the degenerate solution dS_2xS^n. These results reinforce the idea that the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy can be derived from symmetry principles.

PhysicsHigh Energy Physics - TheoryAstrofísicaNuclear and High Energy PhysicsGravitacióCosmologiaDegenerate energy levelsHolographyFOS: Physical scienceslaw.inventionHigh Energy Physics::TheoryGeneral Relativity and Quantum CosmologyHigh Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)lawEntropy (arrow of time)Mathematical physics
researchProduct