Search results for "Isotropy"

showing 9 items of 1099 documents

Beyond the spin model: exchange coupling in molecular magnets with unquenched orbital angular momenta.

2011

In this critical review we review the problem of exchange interactions in polynuclear metal complexes involving orbitally degenerate metal ions. The key feature of these systems is that, in general, they carry an unquenched orbital angular momentum that manifests itself in all their magnetic properties. Thus, interest in degenerate systems involves fundamental problems related to basic models in magnetism. In particular, the conventional Heisenberg-Dirac-Van Vleck model becomes inapplicable even as an approximation. In the first part we attempt to answer two key questions, namely which theoretical tools are to be used in the case of degeneracy, and how these tools can be employed. We demons…

symbols.namesakeMagnetic anisotropyAngular momentumExchange biasZeeman effectCondensed matter physicsMagnetismChemistryExchange interactionDegenerate energy levelssymbolsGeneral ChemistryHamiltonian (quantum mechanics)Chemical Society reviews
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Semi-discrete Galerkin approximation method applied to initial boundary value problems for Maxwell's equations in anisotropic, inhomogeneous media

1981

SynopsisIn this paper the semi-discrete Galerkin approximation of initial boundary value problems for Maxwell's equations is analysed. For the electric field a hyperbolic system of equations is first derived. The standard Galerkin method is applied to this system and a priori error estimates are established for the approximation.

symbols.namesakeMaxwell's equationsGeneral MathematicsElectric fieldMathematical analysissymbolsA priori and a posterioriBoundary value problemAnisotropyGalerkin methodHyperbolic systemsMathematicsProceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Section A Mathematics
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Numerical Recovery of Source Singularities via the Radiative Transfer Equation with Partial Data

2013

The inverse source problem for the radiative transfer equation is considered, with partial data. Here we demonstrate numerical computation of the normal operator $X_{V}^{*}X_{V}$ where $X_{V}$ is the partial data solution operator to the radiative transfer equation. The numerical scheme is based in part on a forward solver designed by F. Monard and G. Bal. We will see that one can detect quite well the visible singularities of an internal optical source $f$ for generic anisotropic $k$ and $\sigma$, with or without noise added to the accessible data $X_{V}f$. In particular, we use a truncated Neumann series to estimate $X_{V}$ and $X_{V}^{*}$, which provides a good approximation of $X_{V}^{*…

ta113Applied MathematicsGeneral MathematicsOperator (physics)ta111010102 general mathematicsMathematical analysisMicrolocal analysisNumerical Analysis (math.NA)Inverse problem01 natural sciences35R30 (Primary) 35S05 35R09 35Q20 92C55Neumann series010101 applied mathematicsSobolev spaceMathematics - Analysis of PDEsRadiative transferFOS: MathematicsGravitational singularityMathematics - Numerical Analysis0101 mathematicsAnisotropyMathematicsAnalysis of PDEs (math.AP)
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Curvelet-based method for orientation estimation of particles

2013

A method based on the curvelet transform is introduced for estimating from two-dimensional images the orientation distribution of small anisotropic particles. Orientation of fibers in paper is considered as a particular application of the method. Theoretical aspects of the suitability of this method are discussed and its efficiency is demonstrated with simulated and real images of fibrous systems. Comparison is made with two traditionally used methods of orientation analysis, and the new curvelet-based method is shown to perform clearly better than these traditional methods.

ta114Orientation (computer vision)business.industryComputer science010102 general mathematicsReal image01 natural sciences030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging03 medical and health sciences0302 clinical medicineDistribution (mathematics)WaveletComputer Science::Computer Vision and Pattern RecognitionCurveletComputer visionArtificial intelligenceTomography0101 mathematicsbusinessRepresentation (mathematics)Anisotropy
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Flame-Retardant and Tensile Properties of Polyamide 12 Processed by Selective Laser Sintering

2022

This research was funded by the European Regional Development Fund within Measure 1.1.1.1 “Industry-Driven Research” of the Specific aid objective 1.1.1 “To increase the research and innovation capacity of scientific institutions of Latvia and their ability to attract external funding by investing in human resources and infrastructure” of the Operational Program “Growth and Employment” (Project No. 1.1.1.1/19/A/143). A.S. and A.Z. are grateful to funding received from the European Union Horizon 2020 Framework programme H2020-WIDESPREAD-01-2016-2017-TeamingPhase2 under grant agreement No. 739508, project CAMART2.

tensile propertiespolyamide 12flame-retardant properties; vertical burn test; tensile properties; anisotropy; additive manufacturing; polyamide 12; selective laser sinteringCeramics and Composites:NATURAL SCIENCES::Physics [Research Subject Categories]vertical burn testanisotropyselective laser sinteringflame-retardant propertiesadditive manufacturingEngineering (miscellaneous)Journal of Composites Science
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An Autonomous System to Take Angular Thermal-Infrared Measurements for Validating Satellite Products

2015

An autonomous system for field land surface temperature (LST) measurements taken at different observation angles was developed to be deployed easily at any conventional meteorological tower station. The system permits ground-truth data to be acquired on a continuous basis, and angularly scans land and sky hemispheres with a single thermal-infrared (TIR) radiometer. This paper describes the autonomous angular system and the methodology to assess ground-truth LST and relative-to-nadir emissivity data from system measurements. Ground-truth LSTs were used to validate satellite-retrieved LST products at two experimental sites (rice crop and shrubland areas). The relative-to-nadir emissivity valu…

thermal-infrared; land surface temperature; angular system; emissivity; satellite product Validation; emissivity anisotropyThermal infraredRadiometerMeteorologyLand surface temperaturesatellite product Validationmedia_common.quotation_subjectthermal-infraredScienceQland surface temperatureangular systemSkyemissivityEmissivityGeneral Earth and Planetary SciencesEnvironmental scienceemissivity anisotropySatelliteAutonomous system (mathematics)Anisotropymedia_commonRemote sensingRemote Sensing
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Fractional viscoelastic transversally isotropic Timoshenko beam

2014

In this paper the viscoelastic behavior of pultruded beams has been examined. Pultruded beams are constituted by a polymer infilled with reinforcement in longitudinal direction, while in the orthogonal direction no fiber are present for technological reasons. As a consequence the material has two different behaviors in longitudinal and in orthogonal directions. It follows that pultruded beams are transversally isotropic, and the shear deformation may not be neglected. Based upon the previous observations and assuming for Creep and/or Relaxation test the power law, the constitutive equations are ruled by fractional operators. From constitutive laws, and assuming the Timoshenko beam theory to…

timoshenko beamTimoshenko beam theoryMaterials sciencebusiness.industryDifferential equationIsotropyConstitutive equationStructural engineeringMechanicsfractional viscoelasticityPower lawViscoelasticityCreepPhysics::Accelerator PhysicsbusinessBeam (structure)ICFDA'14 International Conference on Fractional Differentiation and Its Applications 2014
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Two-particle transverse momentum correlations in pp and p-Pb collisions at energies available at the CERN Large Hadron Collider

2023

Two-particle transverse momentum differential correlators, recently measured in Pb--Pb collisions at energies available at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC), provide an additional tool to gain insights into particle production mechanisms and infer transport properties, such as the ratio of shear viscosity to entropy density, of the medium created in Pb-Pb collisions. The longitudinal long-range correlations and the large azimuthal anisotropy measured at low transverse momenta in small collision systems, namely pp and p-Pb, at LHC energies resemble manifestations of collective behaviour. This suggests that locally equilibrated matter may be produced in these small collision systems, simil…

two particle correlations large hadron colliderCERN Lablongitudinallarge hadron colliderheavy ion scatteringcollectiveFOS: Physical sciencesanisotropy measuredtransverse momentum correlation[PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex]High Energy Physics - ExperimentHigh Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)transport theoryTeVcorrelation functionNuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)Nuclear ExperimentMonte Carloeffect viscositycorrelation long-rangetwo-particleentropy densityparticle multiplicityCERN LHC Collangular distribution anisotropybroadeningtransverse momentum lowydinfysiikkatwo particle correlations
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Constant sign and nodal solutions for parametric anisotropic $(p, 2)$-equations

2021

We consider an anisotropic ▫$(p, 2)$▫-equation, with a parametric and superlinear reaction term.Weshow that for all small values of the parameter the problem has at least five nontrivial smooth solutions, four with constant sign and the fifth nodal (sign-changing). The proofs use tools from critical point theory, truncation and comparison techniques, and critical groups. Spletna objava: 9. 9. 2021. Abstract. Bibliografija: str. 1076.

udc:517.9electrorheological fluidsElectrorheological fluidMaximum principleMathematics - Analysis of PDEsSettore MAT/05 - Analisi MatematicaFOS: Mathematicsconstant sign and nodal solutionsAnisotropyanisotropic operators regularity theory maximum principle constant sign and nodal solutions critical groups variable exponent electrorheological fluidsParametric statisticsMathematicsvariable exponentVariable exponentApplied MathematicsMathematical analysisudc:517.956.2regularity theoryAnisotropic operatorsanisotropic operatorsTerm (time)Primary: 35J20 35J60 35J92 Secondary: 47J15 58E05maximum principleConstant (mathematics)critical groupsAnalysisAnalysis of PDEs (math.AP)Sign (mathematics)
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