Search results for "JOINT"
showing 10 items of 1472 documents
Determination of knee joint cartilage thickness using three-dimensional magnetic resonance chondro-crassometry (3D MR-CCM)
1996
The objective of this article was to analyze the accuracy and precision with which the quantitative distribution of articular cartilage can be determined in the knee joint using MRI. A three-dimensional (3D) technique that accounts for the out-of-plane deviation of the interface normal in strongly curved joint surfaces (3D MR-CCM) has been developed for cartilage thickness measurements. Eight cadaveric knee-joint specimens and six volunteers were imaged using a fat-suppressed gradient-echo sequence at a resolution of 2 x 0.31 x 0.31 mm3. Cartilage volumes and topographical thickness maps were obtained and compared with those derived from anatomical sections by image analysis. The deviation …
Importance of Patella, Quadriceps Forces, and Depthwise Cartilage Structure on Knee Joint Motion and Cartilage Response During Gait
2015
In finite-element (FE) models of the knee joint, patella is often omitted. We investigated the importance of patella and quadriceps forces on the knee joint motion by creating an FE model of the subject's knee. In addition, depthwise strains and stresses in patellar cartilage with different tissue properties were determined. An FE model was created from subject's magnetic resonance images. Knee rotations, moments, and translational forces during gait were recorded in a motion laboratory and used as an input for the model. Three material models were implemented into the patellar cartilage: (1) homogeneous model, (2) inhomogeneous (arcadelike fibrils), and (3) random fibrils at the superficia…
Non-invasive determination of cartilage thickness throughout joint surfaces using magnetic resonance imaging.
1997
Abstract Data on articular cartilage thickness in the living are important for the design of computer models, aimed at preoperatively assessing the effect of surgical procedures on joint contact and load transmission, and for the calculation of cartilage material properties from its deformational behavior as determined during arthroscopy. A non-invasive method for measuring cartilage thickness in living subjects is, however, not available. A technique based on magnetic resonance imaging has therefore been tested for assessing articular cartilage thickness throughout joint surfaces. The accuracy is determined by comparing cartilage thickness maps obtained from three patellar specimens with a…
Similar planning strategies for whole-body and arm movements performed in the sagittal plane
2003
The present paper looks for kinematic similarities between whole-body and arm movements executed in the sagittal plane. Eight subjects performed sit-to-stand (STS) and back-to-sit (BTS) movements at their preferred speed in the sagittal plane. Kinematics analysis focused on shoulder motion revealed that STS was composed of a straight, forward displacement followed by a curved, upward displacement while BTS was characterized by a curved, downward and straight, backward displacement. Curvature of the upward displacement was significantly greater than the downward one. Analysis of shoulder-velocity profiles showed that movement duration was significantly longer for BTS compared with STS and th…
Correlation of the temporomandibular dysfunction classification index with cephalometric indicators of facial structure: a study on adult female subj…
2008
AIM: The aim of this study was to determine whether associations exist between temporomandibular dysfunction index (TMI) and craniofacial morphology. METHODS: The sample consisted of 30 symptomatic (mean age 28.3+/-6.7; range 24-39 years, TMI 0.48+/-0.21) and 30 asymptomatic women (mean age 27.4+/-9.2; range 22-42 years, TMI 0.1+/-0.05) seeking orthodontic treatment at Department of Dental Sciences ''''G. Messina'''', University of Palermo, who had routine lateral cephalograms. Symptoms and signs of temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMD) were assessed by a standardized clinical examination and the TMI (a clinical measure of dysfunction used to evaluate the severity of TMD). Linear and an…
A multi-joint lower-limb tracking-trajectory test for the assessment of motor coordination.
2005
This study aimed to determine whether a lower-limb trajectory-tracking task performed on a leg press machine, that is commonly adopted in both rehabilitation and resistance training settings, could yield reliable assessment of motor coordination in able-bodied individuals. Twenty-two female subjects allocated to two experimental groups were tested and retested after 48-72 h. Group A was fully familiarized with the experimental procedures before each test while group B received only verbal instructions. The unilateral coordination test consisted of target tracking during a simulated half squat including eccentric and concentric actions. In both groups, tracking error showed significant test-…
Reliability and validity of the Finnish version of the Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS)
2017
The present study aimed to assess the psychometric properties of the Finnish version of the Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS) among foot and ankle patients.The LEFS was translated and cross-culturally adapted to Finnish. We assessed the test-retest reliability, internal consistency, floor-ceiling effect, construct validity and criterion validity in patients who underwent surgery due to musculoskeletal pathology of the foot and ankle (N = 166).The test-retest reliability was high (ICC = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.91-0.95). The standard error of measurement was 4.1 points. The Finnish LEFS showed high internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.96). A slight ceiling effect occurred as 17% achieved the …
Electromyographic study of activity of the masseter and anterior temporalis muscles in patients with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfuction : compa…
2010
Objectives: A comparison was made between the electromyographic patterns specific to patient with temporomandibular disorders and that of normal healthy patients. Study design: Electromyographic tests were carried out during rest and function of the masseter muscles and anterior temporalis muscles in a homogeneous group consisting of 95 patients for whom such pathology and its different degree of severity had been previously studied by means of a Helkimo Test. The electromyographic exploration results were compared to those of a control group consisting of 31 healthy subjects. Results: There were significant differences among patients with a different degree of clinical dysfunction, as well…
Enhanced rehabilitation guidance after arthroscopic capsulolabral repair of the shoulder : a randomized controlled trial
2020
Objective: To compare the effects of a 12-month home-based exercise program to usual care in patients after arthroscopic capsulolabral repair of the shoulder. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Setting: Outpatient physical and rehabilitation medicine clinic. Subjects: Forty-five patients (mean age: 35 years; standard deviation (SD): 10 years) who underwent arthroscopic capsulolabral repair due to labral lesion were randomized into an exercise group (EG) or a control group (CG). Intervention: The EG received a 12-month home-based additional exercise program with four physiotherapy follow-up visits, while the CG received standard postoperative exercise instructions. Main measures: Self-repo…
Middle patellar tendon to posterior cruciate ligament (PT–PCL) and normalized PT–PCL: New magnetic resonance indices for tibial tubercle position in …
2018
BACKGROUND To demonstrate whether the distance between the middle point of the patellar tendon and posterior cruciate ligament (PT-PCL) calculated on a single axial MR image could be an alternative measure to tibial tubercle-PCL (TT-PCL) distance for TT lateralization without the need of imaging processing. To show that normalization of PT-PCL (nPT-PCL) against the maximum diameter of the tibial plateau may help to identify patients with patellar instability (PI). METHODS MR scans of 30 patients (13 females, age 32 ± 13 years) with known PI and 60 patients (31 females, age 39 ± 19 years) with no history of PI were reviewed. Two operators calculated TT-PCL, and PT-PCL nPT-PCL. Intraclass cor…