Search results for "Joint probability distribution"
showing 10 items of 52 documents
Testing for Asymmetric Information in Insurance Markets: A Multivariate Ordered Regression Approach
2016
The positive correlation (PC) test is the standard procedure used in the empirical literature to detect the existence of asymmetric information in insurance markets. This article describes a new tool to implement an extension of the PC test based on a new family of regression models, the multivariate ordered logit, designed to study how the joint distribution of two or more ordered response variables depends on exogenous covariates. We present an application of our proposed extension of the PC test to the Medigap health insurance market in the United States. Results reveal that the risk–coverage association is not homogeneous across coverage and risk categories, and depends on individual so…
The Invariant Distribution of Wealth and Employment Status in a Small Open Economy with Precautionary Savings
2019
Abstract We study optimal savings in continuous time with exogenous transitions between employment and unemployment as the only source of uncertainty in a small open economy. We prove the existence of an optimal consumption path. We exploit that the dynamics of consumption and wealth between jumps can be expressed as a Fuchsian system. We derive conditions under which an invariant joint distribution for the state variables , i.e., wealth and labour market status, exists and is unique. We also provide conditions under which the distribution of these variables converges to the invariant distribution. Our analysis relies on the notion of T-processes and applies results on the stability of Mark…
Backwards Martingales and Exchangeability
2020
With many data acquisitions, such as telephone surveys, the order in which the data come does not matter. Mathematically, we say that a family of random variables is exchangeable if the joint distribution does not change under finite permutations. De Finetti’s structural theorem says that an infinite family of E-valued exchangeable random variables can be described by a two-stage experiment. At the first stage, a probability distribution Ξ on E is drawn at random. At the second stage, independent and identically distributed random variables with distribution Ξ are implemented.
Order-distance and other metric-like functions on jointly distributed random variables
2013
We construct a class of real-valued nonnegative binary functions on a set of jointly distributed random variables, which satisfy the triangle inequality and vanish at identical arguments (pseudo-quasi-metrics). These functions are useful in dealing with the problem of selective probabilistic causality encountered in behavioral sciences and in quantum physics. The problem reduces to that of ascertaining the existence of a joint distribution for a set of variables with known distributions of certain subsets of this set. Any violation of the triangle inequality or its consequences by one of our functions when applied to such a set rules out the existence of this joint distribution. We focus on…
On the error sequences of M-ary FSK modulation schemes over Nakagami-m fading channels
2012
In this paper, we have studied some important statistical properties of error sequences of M-ary orthogonal frequency-shift keying (FSK) modulation schemes over Nakagami-m fading channels. We have derived the joint probability density function (PDF) of error sequences of arbitrary length. From the joint PDF, we have found an analytical solution for the autocorrelation function (ACF) of the error sequences. The correctness of the analytical expression for the ACF of error sequences has been confirmed by simulations, where the simulation results are obtained by using the sum-of-sinusoids principle. The derived joint PDF of error sequences is useful for the development of first-order and highe…
Bartlett formalism generating functions and Z-transforms in fluctuation and noise theory
1983
Abstract “La theorie des fonctions generatrices s'adapte elle meme et avec la plus grande generalite aux questions des probabilite les plus difficiles.” (Laplace, 1812) “An important part of probability theory consists of the derivation of the probability distribution of the sum of n random variables, each of which obeys a given probability law, and the development of asymptotic forms of these distributions valid for increasing n. Probability generating functions owe their dominant position to the simplification they permit to both problems. Their employment to obtain the successive moments of a probability distribution and to solve the difference equations of probability theory is ancillar…
Hyperspectral Texture Metrology Based on Joint Probability of Spectral and Spatial Distribution
2021
International audience; Texture characterization from the metrological point of view is addressed in order to establish a physically relevant and directly interpretable feature. In this regard, a generic formulation is proposed to simultaneously capture the spectral and spatial complexity in hyperspectral images. The feature, named relative spectral difference occurrence matrix (RSDOM) is thus constructed in a multireference, multidirectional, and multiscale context. As validation, its performance is assessed in three versatile tasks. In texture classification on HyTexiLa, content-based image retrieval (CBIR) on ICONES-HSI, and land cover classification on Salinas, RSDOM registers 98.5% acc…
Response spectrum analysis of frame structures: reliability-based comparison between complete quadratic combination and damping-adjusted combination
2019
In the framework of seismic design of structures, response spectrum analysis (RSA) is the most commonly used approach in practice. The most popular combination rule is the complete quadratic combination (CQC) which is also prescribed by the most of seismic design codes and is based on the assumptions that the seismic acceleration is a white noise process and the peak factor ratios associated to the total and modal responses are unitary. Recently, the damping adjusted combination (DAC) rule has been developed for base-isolated structures to overcome the aforementioned simplified assumptions. Although it has been proved that the simplifications about peak factors lead to noticeable errors in …
Horizontal inequity comparisons
1998
In this paper, we expound the idea that horizontal inequity (HI) in different tax systems be compared by transplanting the HI from one tax system into the other, as a mapping between its pre- and post-tax living standard distributions, and then applying known results to compare the extent of association present in the two joint distributions. We make this idea operational by means of axioms which, we show, lead to an implementable procedure based on the `copula'. Statistical inference procedures are discussed, and illustrative empirical exercises are undertaken for the UK, Canadian and Israeli tax and benefit systems.
Selectivity in Probabilistic Causality: Where Psychology Runs Into Quantum Physics
2011
Given a set of several inputs into a system (e.g., independent variables characterizing stimuli) and a set of several stochastically non-independent outputs (e.g., random variables describing different aspects of responses), how can one determine, for each of the outputs, which of the inputs it is influenced by? The problem has applications ranging from modeling pairwise comparisons to reconstructing mental processing architectures to conjoint testing. A necessary and sufficient condition for a given pattern of selective influences is provided by the Joint Distribution Criterion, according to which the problem of "what influences what" is equivalent to that of the existence of a joint distr…