Search results for "Juvenil"
showing 10 items of 450 documents
Candidate target mechanisms of the growth inhibitor cyromazine: Studies of phenylalanine hydroxylase, puparial amino acids, and dihydrofolate reducta…
2000
Cyromazine, an insect growth regulator, affects larval and pupal cuticles in dipterans and some other insects. The mode of action of this aminotriazine is not known yet, though it has been shown not to inhibit the synthesis of chitin and cuticular proteins. Cyromazine may, however, act on some step(s) of sclerotization of the cuticle. In the present study, we have analyzed the key enzyme for the production of sclerotization agents, phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH), using the enzyme from Drosophila, a cyromazine-sensitive insect. PAH was studied in vitro with cyromazine and three biologically less active derivatives at concentrations ranging from 1 μM to 1 mM. None of the compounds did signif…
Combining ontogenetic and evolutionary scales of morphological disparity: a study of early Jurassic ammonites
2007
SUMMARY Two major research themes in Evolutionary Developmental Biology and in Paleobiology, respectively, have each become central for the analysis and interpretation of morphological changes in evolution: the study of ontogeny/ phylogeny connections, mainly within the widespread and controversial framework of heterochrony; and the study of morphological disparity, the morphological signal of biodiversity, describing secular changes in morphospace occupation during the history of any given clade. Although enriching in their respective fields, these two themes have remained rather isolated to date, despite the potential value of integrating them as some recent studies begin to suggest. Here…
Differences in Inhibitory Control between Impulsive and Premeditated Aggression in Juvenile Inmates
2017
Inhibitory control dysfunction was considered a universal characteristic of violent offenders. The aim of this study was to examine differences in inhibitory control between two subtypes of violent youth; those displaying predominantly impulsive and those presenting predominantly premeditated aggression (PM). Forty-four juvenile offenders, defined on the basis of the Procedures for the Classification of Aggressive/Violent Acts (Stanford and Barratt, 2001) participated (N = 23: impulsive; N = 21 premeditated). A visual Go/NoGo task was used to compare behavioral responses and event-related potentials (ERPs) between groups. The task contained two letters (W and M), W was the Go stimulus and M…
Análisis de las políticas de seguridad ciudadana en El Salvador y su impacto en el incremento de la violencia
2021
Este artículo analiza las políticas de seguridad ciudadana que se han implementado en ElSalvador para combatir a las pandillas. El estudio hace un repaso por los cuatro distintosgobiernos que de 2003 a 2019 han intentado, sin éxito, reducir los altos niveles deviolencia. El artículo indaga en cómo estas políticas han permitido el fortalecimiento delas pandillas, el debilitamiento de la institucionalidad y, principalmente, elrecrudecimiento de la violencia expresada en la tasa de homicidios, que ha hecho de ElSalvador uno de los países más violentos del mundo. Por otra parte, también se hace unabreve exposición sobre el futuro de la política de seguridad ciudadana del gobierno de Nayib Buke…
Mercado de trabajo juvenil y políticas de empleo
1992
El paro juvenil es una de las características distintivas de la nueva situación que conocen muchas economías industrializadas desde 1973. En este articulo se reflexiona sobre las causas y consecuencias de la peor situación que soporta el colectivo juvenil en el mercado de trabajo. Las causas ha que buscarlar más en las condiciones generales de la economía del mercado de trabajo que en las características individuales de los jóvenes. Las consecuencias repercuten sobre el concepto mismo de juventud y sobre los procesos de inserción de las nuevas generaciones en la sociedad. Finalmente, se reflexiona también sobre la filosofía que sustenta la política de empleo juvenil. L'atur juvenil és una d…
Antisocial Behavior in Childhood and Adolescence
2001
Antisocial behavior is a broad construct that encompasses not only delinquency and crime, but also disruptive behavior of children, such as aggression, below the age of criminal responsibility. Legal, clinical, and developmental definitions of antisocial behavior have different foci. Development of antisocial behavior is studied using a longitudinal design. A high association has been obtained between aggression and hyperactivity in childhood and later antisocial behavior particularly in life-course-persistent offenders. The adolescence-limited pattern of offending is less strongly associated with disruptive behavior in childhood. Individual differences in aggression emerge early in life, a…
Les foyers de protection judiciaire de la jeunesse et la prise en charge des jeunes auteurs de délit : représentations sociales et réflexions autour …
2018
The educators’ work in juvenile justice residential communities and their capacity of affective attunement to the adolescent's needs is essential for the creation of a protective and enriching context for the adolescent and his life trajectories. This article aims to explore the social representations of educators and young people in residential communities in Italy, through the analysis of their discourses gathered during focus groups. Our results reveal the need to compare these representations and work to narrow the gap between the caregivers and the users, in order to improve the relationship between the different protagonists of the interaction and, consequently, the possibilities of g…
Types of Offense among the Cleckley Psychopaths
1994
The Cleckley psychopath is superficially charming and convincing in his behavior but also unreliable and callous. These personality characteristics imply that he/she may be prone to deceive and manipulate others. In the area of criminality, this may mean apropensity to fraud-like offenses. The present paper tested the argument by comparing types of offense committed by psychopaths and nonpsychopaths. The Psychopathy Checklist was used for psychopathy assessments. In a sample of 92 male offenders, the percentage of the Cleckley psychopaths convicted for fraud-like offenses was higher than among the other offenders. The results were discussed with respect to the problem of circular conclusio…
Factor Structure and Construct Validity of the Youth Psychopathic Traits Inventory and Its Shorten Version in Chinese Detained Boys
2019
The Youth Psychopathic Traits Inventory (YPI) was designed to assess psychopathic traits in adolescents. However, there exists limited evidence for the factor structure and psychometric properties of the YPI when used with Chinese detained juveniles. The present study aimed to examine the factor structure and construct validity of the YPI and its shortened version (YPI-S) in a sample of 607 Chinese 14- to 22-year-old detained boys (M = 17.15, SD = 1.09). Confirmatory factor analyses revealed a bifactor model which best fit the data at the subscale level for the YPI, and at the item level for the YPI-S. The internal consistency of the YPI and YPI-S scores ranged from marginal to good. Both t…
Links between adverse childhood experiences, psychopathological symptoms and recidivism risk in juvenile delinquents
2020
Research in the field of developmental psycho-criminology shows that conduct disorders and deviant behaviours are frequently associated with traumatic and adverse developmental experiences. Personality traits and psychopathological symptoms also increase the risk of criminality. However, the role of psychopathological symptoms in the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and offending has rarely been researched. The present study was designed to throw further light on these issues by analysing risk factors in a group of adolescents and young adults in a juvenile detention centre in southern Italy. Results support the idea that the accumulation of risk factors is a major factor…