Search results for "Keyhole"

Immunoelectron Microscopy of Hemocyanin from the Keyhole Limpet (Megathura crenulata): A Parallel Subunit Model

1993

Abstract Immunoelectron microscopy has been performed using negatively stained immune complexes of keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) subunit 2 di- and multidecamers with domain-specific monoclonal antibodies. One antibody (KLH2 a macr 1) links the hemocyanin molecules in a side-to-side pattern, whereas the other antibody (KLH2 fg macr 1) links the molecules end-to-end. From existing knowledge of the domain sequence of KLH subunit 2, these data provide support for a parallel arrangement of subunits within each decamer. Ten N-terminal a macr: domains are then present at the noncollar region of each decamer with 10 C-terminal g macr domains at the collar region. The immunonegative staining data …

Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin (KLH): Slow In Vitro Reassociation of KLH1 and KLH2 from Immucothel®

1998

Abstract Following our in vitro reassociation of keyhole limpet hemocyanin subunits in the presence of high concentrations (100 mM each) of calcium and magnesium chloride (Harris et al., 1997a, Micron 28, 31–41; 1997b, Micron 28, 43–56), we have now extended our investigations by using a buffer system containing a lower concentration of the two divalent cations (10 mM each). Reassociation of mixed KLH subunits present in the commercially available product Immucothel® was performed using a standardized buffer solution containing 50 mM Tris–HCl, 150 mM NaCl, 10 mM CaCl2 and 10 mM MgCl2 (pH 7.4) over a minimum period of one week, at 4°C. This solution was selected as being close to our KLH sta…

Immunonegative Staining: Epitope Localization on Macromolecules

1996

Relevant literature relating to immunonegative staining is reviewed and integrated with current research of the author and others. The immunonegative staining procedure has been utilized for the study of epitope localization on immune complexes formed from keyhole limpet hemocyanin type 2 (KLH2) di- and multidecamers, and the 20S and 26S proteasome from Xenopus laevis. The IgG linkage pattern of molecules in small immune complexes is considered to provide the most reliable indication of epitope location. For both KLH2 and the 20S proteasome, using domain-specific monoclonal antibodies and a 32-kDa (p32) subunit-specific polyclonal antibody, respectively, it is shown that epitopes (KLH2, sub…

Keyhole Suboccipital Endoscopic-Assisted Microsurgical Approach for Management of Pineal Region Tumors

2019

Patients' cosmetic satisfaction, pain, and functional outcomes after supraorbital craniotomy through an eyebrow incision

2014

Object The supraorbital approach through an eyebrow incision offers the opportunity to access a wide variety of lesions of the anterior, middle, and even the posterior fossa. The minimally invasive keyhole craniotomy limits brain exploration and retraction and offers the potential for improved surgical outcomes and reduced approach-related complications. Patient satisfaction, however, has not yet been reported in the literature. Methods From January 2002 through December 2011, the lead author (R.R.) used a supraorbital approach through an eyebrow incision for 418 patients with cerebral aneurysms, brain tumors or cystic lesions, and other miscellaneous pathological conditions. For 408 of th…

Endoscope-assisted keyhole surgery for aneurysms of the anterior circulation and the basilar apex

2000

In the treatment of cerebral aneurysms, preoperative surgical planning and intraoperative strategies for microsurgical approaches are important issues. Within the context of minimally invasive neurosurgery, so-called keyhole approaches, especially those with intraoperative endoscopic assistance, have gained increasing interest, but their application for cerebral aneurysm surgery is a matter of ongoing controversy. The main aspects of keyhole microsurgery, with and without endoscopic assistance, for cerebral aneurysms are explained. To present the keyhole concept, which is based on the preoperative analysis and intraoperative use of pre-existing anatomic windows, this article concentrates on…

Haliotis tuberculata hemocyanin (HtH): analysis of oligomeric stability of HtH1 and HtH2, and comparison with keyhole limpet hemocyanin KLH1 and KLH2

2000

The multimeric/higher oligomeric states of the two isoforms of Haliotis tuberculata hemocyanin (HtH1 and HtH2) have been assessed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of negatively stained specimens, for comparison with previously published structural data from keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH1 and KLH2) [see Harris, J.R., Gebauer, W., Guderian, F.U., Markl, J., 1997a. Keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH), I: Reassociation from Immucothel followed by separation of KLH1 and KLH2. Micron, 28, 31-41; Harris, J.R., Gebauer, W., Söhngen, S.M., Nermut, M.V., Markl, J., 1997b. Keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). II: Characteristic reassociation properties of purified KLH1 and KLH2. Micron, 28, 43-56; H…