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showing 10 items of 404 documents
Economic analysis of prevention : prevention supply, incentives and preferences in french private medical practice
2011
The traditional approach of the economics of prevention is built around a demand-side logic. This provides fruitful insights about consumer behaviour and public policies related to prevention, but it has nothing to say about the supply side of prevention. The present thesis aims at developing the economics of prevention from the supply-side, in particular the production of services by ambulatory physicians, and to study the incentives to prevention and the preferences of these medical care producers. An institutional analysis enables to underline the obstacles limiting the supply of prevention by French doctors, and shows that it is necessary to develop incentives mechanisms to increase thi…
Participation of nutritional and environmental factors in aging of the retina and age-related retinopathies
2012
With advanced age, aging of the human retina can evolve into pathological forms, age-related macular degeneration (AMD) or diabetic retinopathy (DR). Meanwhile, epidemiological studies suggest that a diet rich in long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) such as EPA and DHA, potentially protects against the development of AMD and insulin resistance, the main risk factor for DR. Within this context, our research objectives were to assess: 1 - the impact of endogen and environmental factors, known to trigger oxidative stress, advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) or insulin resistance, on the function and aging of the retina, and 2 - the response of the retina to a omega-3 LC-…
Monounsaturated fatly acid metabolism and colon cancer cells proliferation : role of Stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 and effect of conjugated linoleic acid…
2012
Cancer cells adapt their metabolism in response to signals from the microenvironment and proliferation. Thus, MonoUnsaturated Fatty Acid (MUFA) synthesis is increased in colon cancer cells, and associated with increased Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase (SCD) activity, the rate limiting enzyme of MUFA biosynthesis. Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid (PUFA), as isomers of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), exert inhibitor activity on SCD-1 and have anti-cancer properties, but their mechanisms are not yet clear. In this context, the aim of this work was first to evaluate the role of SCD-1 in the proliferation of colon cancer cells (CCC) and to define the underlying mechanisms. In a second time, we provide new inf…
Psychologie clinique et psychopathologie
2016
National audience; [No abstract]
Etude et caractérisation de l'état " Viable mais Non Cultivable " chez Brettanomyces, une levure d'altération des vins : nouvel outil de détection et…
2011
The viable but not culturable (VBNC) state has been studied in detail in bacteria. It has been suggested that the VBNC state also exists in eukaryote cells, such as wine yeasts, including Brettanomyces in particular. We investigated the VBNC state in this yeast, focusing on the conditions for entry and exit, and the morphological and metabolic modifications associated with this state. We added sulfite (0.8 mg.L-1 molecular SO2) to induce the VBNC state. Increasing the pH of the medium inactivated the sulfite, allowing the cells to exit from the VBNC state and to become culturable again. In these conditions, we found that Brettanomyces VBNC cells were smaller than culturable cells, and that …
Mycorrhiza-induced resistance against Thielaviopsis basicola in the ornemental crop Petunia hybrida
2012
Wurzelpathogene zeigen bedeutenden Einfluss auf die Produktion von Zierpflanzen. Vor Allem in erdelosen Produktionssystemen unter Glas verursachen sie erhebliche Verluste und ihre Bekämpfung mit konventionellen Mitteln beinhaltet normalerweise ein hoher Einsatz an Pestiziden. Ein mehr nachhaltiger Gartenbau braucht alternative Methoden, um den Eintrag dieser Chemikalien zu vermeiden. Die Einführung arbuskulärer Mykorrhizapilze (AM Pilze) in das Produktionssystem könnte ein integraler Bestandteil einer entsprechenden Strategie sein. Mykorrhizierte Pflanzen zeigen generell eine erhöhte Resistenz gegenüber bodenbürtigen Pathogenen und Nematoden. Der Erfolg einer solchen Strategie ist allerding…
Cellular metabolic alteration : the voice of monoinsaturated fatty acid as therapeutic target
2010
Stearoyl Co-A desaturase (SCD) is the key enzyme of the metabolism of mono-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA). Its activity 9 desaturase introduces a double bond cis in position 9 of saturated fatty acids (SFA), induced formation of MUFA. Impaired biosynthesis of MUFA is involved in many diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular disease. Cancer cells have a de novo synthesis of fatty acids increased with an accumulation MUFA. This change in the metabolism of fatty acids is associated with overexpression SCD1 which catalyzes the conversion of saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fat. Several reports have shown that inhibition of SCD1 leads to blockage of proliferation and induction of apopt…
Role of heat shock protein HSP90 and HSP70 in macrophagic differentiation
2010
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are molecular chaperones whose expression is increased after many different stresses. They have a protective function helping the cell to cope with lethal conditions. These proteins play an essential role as molecular chaperones by assisting the correct folding of nascent and stress-accumulated misfolded proteins and by preventing their aggregation. My team is interested in understanding the roles of HSPs in two physiological related processes: apoptosis and cell differentiation. The aim of my work is to study the functions of HSP90 and HSP70 in macrophagic differentiation. I first studied the role of HSP90 in macrophagic differentiation. We previously reported th…
The INAO, from its origins to the late 1960's. : genesis and evolution of the AOC wines system
2011
The Comité National des Appellations d’Origine (CNAO), the first form of the Institut National des Appellations d'Origine (INAO), was formally established with the Decree-Law of 30 July 1935. Its creation coincided with the establishment of a new regime, a new quality standard for fine wines, the Appellation d’Origine Contrôlée (AOC). The objective of this research, taking field study this institution, is to understand the characteristics of the regulation of wines between 1935 and the late 1960s, and the interactions at work between the public sphere, State and professional sector, an economic sector, by definition consists of private actors. To achieve the goal, the purpose is structured …
Impact du système endocannabinoïdien sur la physiologie de l'obésité : effets de l'antagonisme des récepteurs CB1 sur le métabolisme glucido-lipidiqu…
2010
The endocannabinoïd system (ECS) is involved in many biological functions such as regulation of energy metabolism. Recently, several studies have shown an association between obesity and ECS overactivity. In addition, specific CB1R antagonists such as Rimonabant (SR141716) improved metabolic parameters in obese patients essentially through inactivation of central CB1R. However, peripheral CB1R inactivation could also contribute to the improvement of these parameters and it is this notion that we have studied. To this purpose, we tested the effects of SR141716 on obese mice in order to establish relationships between the ECS activity and lipid metabolism by looking more specifically to its r…