Search results for "Kinetics"

Pharmacokinetic and clinical evaluation of esomeprazole and ASA for the prevention of gastroduodenal ulcers in cardiovascular patients.

2012

Low-dose aspirin (ASA, 75 - 325 mg/day) is widely used for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular (CV) diseases. However, the value of primary prevention ASA is uncertain as the reduction in occlusive events needs to be weighed against the significant increase in major bleedings. Prevention with antisecretory drugs has been proposed to reduce the incidence of ASA-induced gastrointestinal (GI) bleedings, but non-adherence to gastro-protection is of concern, as it significantly increases the risk of upper GI adverse events. Beside patients and physicians education, one approach to overcome non-adherence is the development of fixed-dose combination.This review explores the resu…

Pharmacokinetics of agalsidase alfa in male and female patients with Fabry disease

2007

Fructose 2,6-bisphosphate and glycolytic flux in skeletal muscle of swimming frog

1990

AbstractGlycolytic flux in skeletal muscle is controlled by 6-phosphofructokinase but how this is achieved is controversial. Brief exercise (swimming) in frogs caused a dramatic increase in the phosphofructokinase activator, fructose 2,6-bisphosphate, in working muscle. The kinetics of phosphofructokinase suggest that in resting muscle, the enzyme is inhibited by ATP plus citrate and that the increase in fructose 2,6-bisphosphate is part of the mechanism to activate phosphofructokinase when exercise begins. When exercise was sustained, fructose 2,6-bisphosphate in muscle was decreased as was the rate of lactate accumulation. Glycolytic flux and the content of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate appea…

Release of endogenous 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine and its metabolites from the isolated neurointermediate lobe of the rat pituitary gland. Effects …

1986

: Isolated rat neurointermediate lobes were incubated in vitro. The release of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine (dopamine, DA), dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), homovanillic acid (HVA), and methoxyphenylethanol (MOPET) was determined by HPLC with electrochemical detection. Under resting conditions, the outflow of metabolites was 35–50 times that of DA. HVA accounted for 50%, DOPAC for 45%, and MOPET for 5% of the metabolites. Although an equivalent of 40–50% of the tissue DA content was released per hour as metabolites, the tissue DA content was not reduced after 110 min of incubation. The spontaneous outflow of DA and its metabolites was not affected by the DA uptake inhibitor GBR 12921 (1…

Problem solving in psychopharmacotherapy using pharmacokinetic and pharmacogenetic tests

2007

Many problems such as non-response, pharmacokinetic interactions with clinical consequences and adverse effects (pharmacovigilance) may be observed in patients submitted to psychopharmacotherapy. These risks are increased in patients belonging to the category of “special populations”: elderly patients, children and adolescents, patients with a genetic particularity of metabolism or suffering from somatic or psychic comorbidities. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacogenetic tests are useful to solve problems in psychopharmacotherapy and thus improve efficacy and safety. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is particularly recommended in situations presented above and in patients who are non-compliant. …

Biochemical Aspects of Chick Embryo Retina Development: The Effects of Glucocorticoids

1989

In chick embryo retina during development, DNA synthesis and the activities of DNA polymerase, thymidine kinase, thymidylate synthetase, and ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) declined in parallel from day 7 to 12. The administration in ovo of hydrocortisone reduced significantly, particularly at 8-10 days of incubation, both DNA synthesis and the four enzyme activities tested. The effect was dose dependent, reaching the maximum with 50-100 nmol of hydrocortisone, 8-16 h after treatment. The highest inhibition was found for ODC activity (70%), followed by thymidine kinase activity (62%) and DNA synthesis (45%), whereas activities of DNA polymerase and thymidylate synthetase were reduced only by …

Effects of combined electromyostimulation and gymnastics training in prepubertal girls.

2011

This study investigated the effects of a 6-week combined electromyostimulation (EMS) and gymnastic training program on muscle strength and vertical jump performance of prepubertal gymnasts. Sixteen young women gymnasts (age 12.4 ± 1.2 yrs) participated in this study, with 8 in the EMS group and the remaining 8 as controls. EMS was conducted on knee extensor muscles for 20 minutes 3 times a week during the first 3 weeks and once a week during the last 3 weeks. Gymnasts from both groups underwent similar gymnastics training 5-6 times a week. Isokinetic torque of the knee extensors was determined at different eccentric and concentric angular velocities ranging from -60 to +240° per second. Jum…

Differential regulation of interleukin-6 expression in human fibroblasts by tumor necrosis factor-alpha and lymphotoxin.

1990

The treatment of human diploid fibroblasts with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and with lymphotoxin (LT) is associated with induction of interleukin-6 (IL-6) transcripts with TNF-alpha being 10-fold more potent than LT. Here we report on the TNF-alpha/LT-induced signaling mechanisms responsible for the regulation of IL-6 gene expression in these cells. Run-on assays demonstrated that both TNF-alpha and LT increase IL-6 mRNA levels by transcriptional activation of this gene. Stability studies of IL-6 transcripts in fibroblasts showed that TNF-alpha delayed IL-6 mRNA decay but not LT. The induction of IL-6 transcripts by TNF-alpha and LT was not inhibited by the isoquinoline sulfonamide de…

Elimination of hexamethylene diisocyanate cross-linked polypeptides in patients with normal or impaired renal function

1978

Infusions of 3.5% isocyanate cross-linked polypeptide solution 500 ml were given to 52 patients with normal or impaired renal function: glomerular filtration rate (GFR)=0–133 ml/min. The serum concentration and urinary excretion of hydroxyproline were measured and the equivalent polypeptide concentrations were calculated from the results. In patients with normal renal function (GFR>90 ml/min) the proportion of polypeptide excreted in the urine up to 12 h was 45.4±2.6% ( $$\bar X$$ ±SEM), up to 24 h 47.7±2.9% and up to 48 h 49.3±3.4%. In patients with moderate renal insufficiency (GFR=30–90 ml/min) there was no decrease in polypeptide excretion and even in patients with more serious impairme…

Chick embryo retina development in vitro: the effect of insulin.

1995

In this paper we study the development of chick embryo retina cultured in vitro and the effects exerted by insulin. Retinas were removed from 7-day embryos and cultured in serum- and hormone-free medium for 7 additional days. Under these conditions retinal cells survived and underwent cholinergic differentiation, as previously ascertained by Hausman et al. (Dev. Brain Res., 1991, 59: 31-37). However, a great retardation of development was noted compared to uncultured control, 14-day retina. In fact both wet weight and DNA and protein content increased much slower than in ovo and the tubulin content decreased below even the starting value. In addition, although after 7 days in culture retina…