Search results for "Knowledge representation"
showing 10 items of 78 documents
Background questionnaires of PISA : a study of the assessment indicators
2016
El sistema de evaluación de PISA ha generado y continúa generando intensos debates sobre su estructura y utilidad. Este artículo se centra en los cuestionarios de contexto, como forma de analizar y entender de manera adecuada los resultados. Los objetivos son analizar los indicadores de contexto que se utilizan en las distintas ediciones de las pruebas PISA, su utilización en distintos estudios y en los resultados de estos estudios. Se proporciona una visión general del modelo utilizado para conseguir que estos indicadores dejen de ser algo que acompaña a las prueba de rendimiento para que alcancen su verdadero sentido: analizar conjuntamente el rendimiento junto con las variables que…
A cognitive approach to goal-level imitation
2008
Imitation in robotics is seen as a powerful means to reduce the complexity of robot programming. It allows users to instruct robots by simply showing them how to execute a given task. Through imitation robots can learn from their environment and adapt to it just as human newborns do. Despite different facets of imitative behaviours observed in humans and higher primates, imitation in robotics has usually been implemented as a process of copying demonstrated actions onto the movement apparatus of the robot. While the results being reached are impressive, we believe that a shift towards a higher expression of imitation, namely the comprehension of human actions and inference of its intentions…
A Dynamic Reasoning Architecture for Computer Network Management
2005
This paper focuses on improving network management and monitoring by the adoption of Artificial Intelli- gence techniques. In order to allow automated reasoning on networking concepts, we defined an accurate ontologi- cal model capable of describing as better as possible the networking domain. The thorough representation of the do- main knowledge is used by a Logical Reasoner, which is an expert system capable of performing high-level manage- ment tasks.
Conceptual graph operations for formal visual reasoning in the medical domain
2014
International audience; Objective - Conceptual graphs (CGs) are used to represent clinical guidelines because they support visual reasoning with a logical background, making them a potentially valuable representation for guidelines.Materials and methods - Conceptual graph formalism has an essential and basic component: a formal vocabulary that drives all of the other mechanisms, notably specialization and projection. The graph's theoretical operations, such as projection, rules, derivation, constraints, probabilities and uncertainty, support diagrammatic reasoning.Results - A conceptual graph's graphical user interface includes a multilingual vocabulary management, some query and decision-m…
Conceptual Spaces for Cognitive Architectures: A lingua franca for different levels of representation
2017
During the last decades, many cognitive architectures (CAs) have been realized adopting different assumptions about the organization and the representation of their knowledge level. Some of them (e.g. SOAR [Laird (2012)]) adopt a classical symbolic approach, some (e.g. LEABRA [O'Reilly and Munakata (2000)]) are based on a purely connectionist model, while others (e.g. CLARION [Sun (2006)] adopt a hybrid approach combining connectionist and symbolic representational levels. Additionally, some attempts (e.g. biSOAR) trying to extend the representational capacities of CAs by integrating diagrammatical representations and reasoning are also available [Kurup and Chandrasekaran (2007)]. In this p…
Learning high-level manipulative tasks through imitation
2006
This paper presents ConSCIS, Conceptual Space based Cognitive Imitation System, which tightly links low-level data processing with knowledge representation in the context of robot imitation. Our focus is on the program-level imitation: we are interested in the final effects of actions on objects, and not on the particular kinematic or dynamic properties of the motion. The same architecture is used both to analyze and represent the task to be imitated, and to perform the imitation by generalizing in novel and different circumstances. The implemented experimental scenario is a two dimensional world populated with various objects in which observation/imitation takes place. To validate our appr…
Knowledge Representation on the Web Revisited: The Case for Prototypes
2016
Recently, RDF and OWL have become the most common knowledge representation languages in use on the Web, propelled by the recommendation of the W3C. In this paper we examine an alternative way to represent knowledge based on Prototypes. This Prototype-based representation has different properties, which we argue to be more suitable for data sharing and reuse on the Web. Prototypes avoid the distinction between classes and instances and provide a means for object-based data sharing and reuse.
Hybrid architecture for shape reconstruction and object recognition
1998
The proposed architecture is aimed to recover 3-D- shape information from gray-level images of a scene; to build a geometric representation of the scene in terms of geometric primitives; and to reason about the scene. The novelty of the architecture is in fact the integration of different approaches: symbolic reasoning techniques typical of knowledge representation in artificial intelligence, algorithmic capabilities typical of artificial vision schemes, and analogue techniques typical of artificial neural networks. Experimental results obtained by means of an implemented version of the proposed architecture acting on real scene images are reported to illustrate the system capabilities.
Continuum: A spatiotemporal data model to represent and qualify filiation relationships
2013
International audience; This work introduces an ontology-based spatio-temporal data model to represent entities evolving in space and time. A dynamic phenomenon generates a complex relationship network between the entities involved in the process. At the abstract level, the relationships can be identity or topological filiations. The existence of an identity filiation depends on whether the object changes its identity or not. On the other hand, topological filiations are based exclusively on the spatial component, like in the case of growth, reduction, merging or splitting. When combining identity and topological filiations, six filiation relationships are obtained, forming a second abstrac…
Silent music reading: Amateur musicians' visual processing and descriptive skill
2013
This article addresses the silent reading of music notation, combining eye-movement measures with a semantic analysis of readers’ verbal descriptions of the notated music. A group of musical novices ( n = 16) and two groups of musical amateurs (less experienced n = 11 and more experienced n = 10) participated in three separate measurement sessions during a nine-month-long university music course designed for future primary-school teachers. In each session they viewed a notated folk song for 30 s and then described what they had seen. Greater musical experience was found to be connected with shorter fixation durations, more linear scanning of the notated music, and more accurate and integra…