Search results for "LABOUR"
showing 10 items of 655 documents
Bonding family social capital and firm performance
2011
This study aims to empirically investigate the effect of bonding family social capital on financial firm performance. The data collection mechanism was a survey sent to all Finnish large and medium-sized FBs (staff >50) in the spring of 2008. In total, 167 questionnaires were collected indicating a response rate of 22.3%. The results are based on structural equation modelling. The results suggest that bonding family social capital has both a direct and indirect positive influence on family firm financial performance.
The Returns to Education in Rwanda
2005
05077; International audience; Based on data from the 1999–2001 Household Living Conditions Survey conducted by the Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning, we estimate wage equations for employees in Rwanda, treating the choice of employment sector as an endogenous process and making separate estimates for workers in the modern and traditional sectors of the economy. The results show that returns to education increase with the level of education, contrary to the pattern typically reported in the literature and that the returns to higher education is particularly high in Rwanda. A noteworthy feature in the results is that the returns to education are quite different across sectors of empl…
Personality traits and unemployment: Evidence from longitudinal data
2012
This study contributes to the literature on how personality is related to labour market success by providing evidence on the relationship between personality traits and unemployment. After accounting for reverse causality and measurement error, our results suggest that higher openness was associated with increased cumulative unemployment at the prime working age. It seems that this connection occurs because individuals with higher openness enter into unemployment spells more frequently – not because their unemployment spells would be particularly long. peerReviewed
Explaining the rising precariat in Spain
2020
[EN] Spanish GDP indicator figures recover while the risk of poverty has not stopped increasing since 2007 given the continuous austerity policies adopted by Governments, while labour and welfare conditions have worsened. A new phenomenon is emerging: the flattening of the Spanish middle class. This study proposes a model to quantify the number of individuals according to their level of precariousness in Spain. The model allows us to predict the behaviour of society in Spain given the mimetic nature of humans by constructing a discrete finite epidemiological model that classifies and quantifies the population in Spain according to its risk of precariousness. Our results show a rise in the p…
Joint retirement behaviour and pension reform in the Netherlands
2022
We examine the effects of a major pension reform in 2015 on the joint retirement decisions of working couples in the Netherlands. The reform abolished the partner allowance, a state pension supplement for a nonworking partner below the state pension age. At the same time, actuarially generous early retirement arrangements were made less attractive. Using rich administrative data, we estimate a multivariate mixed proportional hazards model that distinguishes between several sources of joint retirement: financial incentives, other causal mecha-nisms that make retirement of one spouse more likely when the other spouse retires (e.g., due to complemen-tarities in leisure or social norms) and cor…
Plataformas digitales y concepto de trabajador: una propuesta de interpretación finalista
2019
There is consensus in the labor law doctrine that the concept of worker must be interpreted according to the social reality of the moment in which it should be applied. The present work analyzes what this affirmation means in the current moment of expansion of digital platforms and autonomous work in general. For that, i) the existing proposals in the comparative doctrine of extension of the subjective scope of Labor Law are analyzed; ii) the aims of labor law; iii) the latest interpretations of the Supreme Court of the concept of worker. Based on this analysis, a purposive interpretation proposal is made of the concept of worker that allows to include all those who provide services without…
Diploma Effects by Gender in the Spanish Labour Market
2006
. The aim of this paper is to contrast the nature of the schooling effect on earnings in the Spanish labour market in terms of gender. Hungerford and Solon's (Review of Economics and Statistics 69: 175–177, 1987) methodology is used to distinguish between the returns to schooling arising from mere years of schooling as a reflection of their productivity-enhancing contribution (human capital) and the returns to schooling arising from certificates (diploma effects) as signals of the individual's productivity (sheepskin effects) or as credentialism. The results show evidence only of diploma effects in Upper Secondary Studies for men.
Les évolutions du système d'innovation et le marché du travail des jeunes scientifiques
2004
In France, as in many other OECD countries, a sharp increase in the number of Ph.D. graduates in S&E fields from the mid-1980s to the mid-1990s was followed by a decrease in the enrolments in Ph.D. studies. Important transformations in the innovation processes were also observed on the same period. Our hypothesis is that we assist to the emergence of an intermediate scientific labour market between the traditional academic sector and the private research sector. A detailed analysis of the production processes of scientists and of the scientific careers of young scientists is first carried out in the perspective of labour economics. Then, in the perspective of the economics of innovation and…
Willingness to pay to improve urban water supply: the case of Sucre, Bolivia
2014
In this study the contingent valuation method is applied in order to estimate the willingness to pay (WTP) of the inhabitants of Sucre (Bolivia) for an improvement in the urban water supply system. The study finds that about 55 per cent of households would be willing to pay an increase in their water bill for an improvement in the service. In order to deal with the problem of protest responses and the possible presence of a sample selection bias, a Heckman two-step model was estimated. More specifically, the econometric analysis undertaken reveals that there is no evidence of sample selection bias and that WTP positively relates to the respondents' household income, their level of education…
Informal employment in developing countries
2012
There is an ongoing debate among researchers and policy makers, whether informal sector employment is a result of competitive market forces or labor market segmentation. More recently it has been argued that none of the two theories sufficiently explains informal employment, but that the informal sector shows a heterogenous structure. For some workers the informal sector is an attractive employment opportunity, whereas for others – rationed out of the formal sector – the informal sector is a strategy of last resort. To test the empirical relevance of this hypothesis we formulate an econometric model which allows for several unobserved segments within the informal sector and apply it to the …