Search results for "LB"
showing 10 items of 5653 documents
Highly protective in vivo function of cytomegalovirus IE1 epitope-specific memory CD8 T cells purified by T-cell receptor-based cell sorting.
2005
ABSTRACTReconstitution of antiviral CD8 T cells is essential for controlling cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection after bone marrow transplantation. Accordingly, polyclonal CD8 T cells derived from BALB/c mice infected with murine CMV protect immunocompromised adoptive transfer recipients against CMV disease. The protective population comprises CD8 T cells with T-cell receptors (TCRs) specific for defined and for as-yet-unknown viral epitopes, as well as a majority of nonprotective cells with unrelated specificities. Defined epitopes include IE1/m123 and m164, which are immunodominant in terms of the magnitude of the CD8 T-cell response, and a panel of subordinate epitopes (m04, m18, M45, M83, a…
Lymphoma cell apoptosis in the liver induced by distant murine cytomegalovirus infection.
2006
ABSTRACTCytomegalovirus (CMV) poses a threat to the therapy of hematopoietic malignancies by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, but efficient reconstitution of antiviral immunity prevents CMV organ disease. Tumor relapse originating from a minimal residual leukemia poses another threat. Although a combination of risk factors was supposed to enhance the incidence and severity of transplantation-associated disease, a murine model of a liver-adapted B-cell lymphoma has previously shown a survival benefit and tumor growth inhibition by nonlethal subcutaneous infection with murine CMV. Here we have investigated the underlying antitumoral mechanism. Virus replication proved to be required, …
IL-21 regulates experimental colitis by modulating the balance between Treg and Th17 cells
2007
Regulatory T (T(reg)) cells play a key role in the maintenance of the immune system homeostasis. T(reg) cells can be generated in the periphery under control of TGF-beta, a cytokine involved in the negative control of the immune system. However, TGF-beta cooperates with IL-6 in the generation of Th17 cells, a novel class of effector cells involved in numerous inflammatory diseases, including colitis. Therefore, TGF-beta emerges as a mediator of both anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory processes, depending on the local cytokine milieu. Here we demonstrate that IL-21, a type-1 cytokine produced by T cells and involved in the pathogenesis of immune-mediated diseases, prevents the TGF-beta-d…
TH17 cells mediate pulmonary collateral priming
2010
Background Our laboratory has shown that inhalational sensitization to new antigens is facilitated through an ongoing T H 2-polarized inflammation of the lung, a phenomenon we call "collateral priming." Objective We were interested to analyze whether a T H 1-polarized pulmonary inflammation also facilitates priming toward new antigens and which cytokine or cytokines are involved. Methods T H 1-polarized T cells were generated in vitro and transferred into congenic mice. Mice were challenged initially with cognate antigen and an unrelated antigen; consecutively, they received cognate antigen or the secondary antigen. Airway inflammation, antigen-specific IgG2a levels, and airway hyperrespons…
Interleukin-7 or Interleukin-15 Enhances Survival ofMycobacterium tuberculosis-Infected Mice
2000
ABSTRACTBoth antigen-presenting cells and immune effector cells are required to effectively eradicate or containMycobacterium tuberculosis-infected cells. A variety of cytokines are involved to ensure productive “cross talk” between macrophages and T lymphocytes. For instance, infection of macrophages with mycobacteria leads to effective interleukin-7 (IL-7) and IL-15 secretion, and both cytokines are able to maintain strong cellular immune responses of α/β and γ/δ T cells. Here we show that either cytokine is able to enhance survival ofM. tuberculosis-infected BALB/c mice significantly compared to application of IL-2, IL-4, or phosphate-buffered saline (as a control). Enhanced survival cou…
Occurrence of new neurons in the piriform cortex
2015
In a recent mini-review (Yuan et al., 2015), support is given to the idea that neurons are generated during adulthood in the mammalian piriform cortex (PC), their periventricular origin being also discussed. It is known since long time that a subpopulation of cortical layer II cells in the adult PC of rodents express immature neuronal markers such as polysialylated NCAM (PSA-NCAM; Seki and Arai, 1991; Bonfanti et al., 1992) and doublecortin (DCX; Nacher et al., 2002). These immature neurons have been found in most mammals studied so far, their occurrence being restricted to the paleocortex in rodents (Seki and Arai, 1991; Bonfanti et al., 1992; Nacher et al., 2002), and extended to neocorti…
β-Adrenoceptor stimulation up-regulates phosphodiesterase 4 activity and reduces prostaglandin E 2 -inhibitory effects in human neutrophils
2000
Human neutrophils were treated for 4 h with a combination of salbutamol (1 µM), a β2-adrenoceptor agonist, and rolipram (30 µM), a selective phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor, to investigate whether this treatment produces up-regulation of phosphodiesterase activity with functional consequences. Anion-exchange chromatography coupled with the use of selective activators and inhibitors demonstrated that a phosphodiesterase activity with characteristics of the isoenzyme type 4 was increased in drug-treated cells. Kinetic analysis showed a ~1.5-fold increase in V max without alteration of K m values. The augmented phosphodiesterase activity in drug-treated cells was abolished by actinomycin D. Cycl…
Unique astrocyte ribbon in adult human brain contains neural stem cells but lacks chain migration
2003
The subventricular zone (SVZ) is a principal source of adult neural stem cells in the rodent brain, generating thousands of olfactory bulb neurons every day. If the adult human brain contains a comparable germinal region, this could have considerable implications for future neuroregenerative therapy. Stem cells have been isolated from the human brain, but the identity, organization and function of adult neural stem cells in the human SVZ are unknown. Here we describe a ribbon of SVZ astrocytes lining the lateral ventricles of the adult human brain that proliferate in vivo and behave as multipotent progenitor cells in vitro. This astrocytic ribbon has not been observed in other vertebrates s…
Long-term graft function of adult rat and human islets encapsulated in novel alginate-based microcapsules after transplantation in immunocompetent di…
2005
We describe the results of the first study to show that adult rat and human islets can be protected against xenogenic rejection in immunocompetent diabetic mice by encapsulating them in a novel alginate-based microcapsule system with no additional permselective membrane. Nonencapsulated islets lost function within 4–8 days after being transplanted into diabetic Balb/c mice, whereas transplanted encapsulated adult rat or human islets resulted in normoglycemia for >7 months. When rat islet grafts were removed 10 and 36 weeks after transplantation, the mice became immediately hyperglycemic, thus demonstrating the efficacy of the encapsulated islets. The explanted capsules showed only a …
Clinical profiles and quality of care of subjects with type 2 diabetes according to their cardiovascular risk: an observational, retrospective study
2021
Abstract Background The European Society of Cardiology (ESC) recently defined cardiovascular risk classes for subjects with diabetes. Aim of this study was to explore the distribution of subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D) by cardiovascular risk groups according to the ESC classification and to describe the quality indicators of care, with particular regard to cardiovascular risk factors. Methods The study is based on data extracted from electronic medical records of patients treated at the 258 Italian diabetes centers participating in the AMD Annals initiative. Patients with T2D were stratified by cardiovascular risk. General descriptive indicators, measures of intermediate outcomes, inten…