Search results for "LEARNING"

Diagnostic Performance of an Artificial Intelligence System in Breast Ultrasound.

2021

Objectives We study the performance of an artificial intelligence (AI) program designed to assist radiologists in the diagnosis of breast cancer, relative to measures obtained from conventional readings by radiologists. Methods A total of 10 radiologists read a curated, anonymized group of 299 breast ultrasound images that contained at least one suspicious lesion and for which a final diagnosis was independently determined. Separately, the AI program was initialized by a lead radiologist and the computed results compared against those of the radiologists. Results The AI program's diagnoses of breast lesions had concordance with the 10 radiologists' readings across a number of BI-RADS descri…

2016

Mirror training therapy is a promising tool to initiate neural plasticity and facilitate the recovery process of motor skills after diseases such as stroke or hemiparesis by improving the intermanual transfer of fine motor skills in healthy people as well as in patients. This study evaluated whether these augmented performance improvements by mirror visual feedback (MVF) could be used for learning a sport-specific skill and if the effects are modulated by skill level. A sample of 39 young, healthy, and experienced basketball and handball players and 41 novices performed a stationary basketball dribble task at a mirror box in a standing position and received either MVF or direct feedback. Af…

Neurocognitive impairment and psychosocial functioning in bipolar II disorder

2011

Sole B, Bonnin CM, Torrent C, Balanza-Martinez V, Tabares-Seisdedos R, Popovic D, Martinez-Aran A, Vieta E. Neurocognitive impairment and psychosocial functioning in bipolar II disorder. Objective:  There is a growing body of evidence on neurocognitive impairment in euthymic bipolar patients, but this issue has been studied mostly in bipolar I disorder, data on bipolar II (BD-II) are scant and discrepant. The two aims of this study were to ascertain whether strictly defined euthymic BD-II patients would present neurocognitive disturbances and to evaluate their impact on functional outcome. Method:  Forty-three BD-II patients and 42 demographically and educationally matched healthy subjects …

Appendectomy during the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy: a multicenter ambispective cohort study by the Italian Society of Endoscopic Surgery and new tech…

2021

AbstractMajor surgical societies advised using non-operative management of appendicitis and suggested against laparoscopy during the COVID-19 pandemic. The hypothesis is that a significant reduction in the number of emergent appendectomies was observed during the pandemic, restricted to complex cases. The study aimed to analyse emergent surgical appendectomies during pandemic on a national basis and compare it to the same period of the previous year. This is a multicentre, retrospective, observational study investigating the outcomes of patients undergoing emergent appendectomy in March–April 2019 vs March–April 2020. The primary outcome was the number of appendectomies performed, classifie…

Intermittent ethanol exposure induces inflammatory brain damage and causes long-term behavioural alterations in adolescent rats

2007

Adolescent brain development seems to be important for the maturation of brain structures and behaviour. Intermittent binge ethanol drinking is common among adolescents, and this type of drinking can induce brain damage. Because we have demonstrated that chronic ethanol treatment induces inflammatory processes in the brain, we investigate whether intermittent ethanol intoxication enhances cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in adolescent rats, and whether these mediators induce brain damage and cause permanent cognitive dysfunctions. Adolescent rats were exposed to ethanol (3.0 g/kg) for two consecutive days at 48-h intervals over 14 days. Levels of COX-2, iN…

Teaching Technology Usage in the ENT Medical Subdomain via a Flipped Classroom Approach

2018

The flipped classroom approach is supporting a continuous interaction of students and instructors via online communication and strengthens the ability to solve problems by self-organization. This is especially important in medical domains, like the one of ENT-Head/Neck (ENT: Ear-Nose-Throat) surgeries and treatment. Surgical corrections of the nasal airways, like FESS (Functional Endoscopy Sinus Surgery) or in the field of plastic surgery, are the second frequent surgical interventions in otorhinolaryngology. They have to be prepared very carefully and airflow simulation with Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is gaining importance for diagnostics here. New in silico procedures, like imagin…

Application of remote online learning in oral histopathology teaching in China

2021

Background The aim of this study was to investigate the application of remote learning and virtual microscopy in oral histopathology teaching, a unique experience in China. The oral histopathology teaching in Nanjing Medical University has been extraordinary. Material and Methods 98 third-year dental students of Grade 2016 took oral histopathology theoretical course face-to-face in 2019 (Traditional group). The 94 participants of Grade 2017 took online oral histopathology course using digital methods(E-Learning platform and Virtual Simulation Experiment Teaching Center for Dentistry) in 2020. During the practical laboratory sessions, the students in both Traditional group and Online group o…

A New Score Unveils a High Prevalence of Mild Cognitive Impairment in Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

2021

Patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) may show mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The neurological functions affected remain unclear. The aims were to: (1) Characterize the neuropsychological alterations in NAFLD patients; (2) assess the prevalence of impairment of neurological functions evaluated; (3) develop a new score for sensitive and rapid MCI detection in NAFLD; (4) assess differences in MCI features between patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH); and (5) compare neuropsychological alterations in NAFLD patients with cirrhotic patients with MCI. Fifty-nine NAFLD patients and 53 controls performed psychometric tests assessin…

Typical asymmetry in the hemispheric activation during an fMRI verbal comprehension paradigm is related to better performance in verbal and non-verba…

2018

Chronic exposure to seizures in patients with left hemisphere (LH) epileptic focus could favor higher activation in the contralateral hemisphere during language processing, but the cognitive effects of this remain unclear. This study assesses the relationship between asymmetry in hemispheric activation during language fMRI and performance in verbal and non-verbal tasks. Whereas prior studies primarily used fMRI paradigms that favor frontal lobe activation and less prominent activation of the medial or superior temporal lobes, we used a verbal comprehension paradigm previously demonstrated to activate reliably receptive language areas. Forty-seven patients with drug-resistant epilepsy candid…

Enhanced prediction of hemoglobin concentration in a very large cohort of hemodialysis patients by means of deep recurrent neural networks.

2019

Erythropoiesis Stimulating Agents (ESAs) have become a standard anemia management tool for End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) patients. However, dose optimization constitutes an extremely challenging task due to huge inter and intra-patient variability in the responses to ESA administration. Current data-based approaches to anemia control focus on learning accurate hemoglobin prediction models, which can be later utilized for testing competing treatment choices and choosing the optimal one. These methods, despite being proven effective in practice, present several shortcomings which this paper intends to tackle. Namely, they are limited to a small cohort of patients and, even then, they fail to…