Search results for "LIMIT"

showing 10 items of 2826 documents

Creep and damage accumulation in orthotropic composites under cyclic loading

1998

Experimental results and theoretical prediction of the response of glassfiber-reinforced polyester under quasi-static, static (creep), and cyclic (fatigue) loading are presented. The nonlinear strain component at static loading and the strain amplitude rate at cyclic off-axis loading of an orthotropic composite are shown to follow the associated flow rule with a single-parameter quadratic potential function. The influence of fatigue damage on deformation is considerable due to the reduction in the elastic modulus of the composite and is apparently negligible with respect to its effect on the parameters of the creep kernel.

Materials sciencePolymers and PlasticsGeneral MathematicsGlass fiberComposite numberCondensed Matter PhysicsOrthotropic materialFatigue limitBiomaterialsCreepMechanics of MaterialsSolid mechanicsCeramics and CompositesDeformation (engineering)Composite materialElastic modulusMechanics of Composite Materials
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Long-term thermomechanical degradation of molten polystyrene

1985

Abstract Rheological data on polystyrene samples processed for long periods under various mechanical stresses are presented. The data indicate that thermomechanical degradation occurs and that the rate of thermal degradation is increased by the applied stress. Moreover degradation does not reach a limiting value even at high processing times.

Materials sciencePolymers and PlasticsLimitingCondensed Matter PhysicsStress (mechanics)Reaction ratechemistry.chemical_compoundchemistryRheologyMechanics of MaterialsThermalMaterials ChemistryDegradation (geology)PolystyreneComposite materialMelt flow indexPolymer Degradation and Stability
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Model of delamination propagation in brittle-matrix composites under cyclic loading

2001

A model of interlaminar fatigue crack growth based on damage accumulation ahead of the crack is proposed. Linear cumulative assumption is used for damage estimation, and a quadratic failure criterion is applied for complex interlaminar loading. Model parameters are determined from mode I and mode II fatigue tests, and used to predict mixed-mode delamination propagation rate. Comparison of theoretical prediction with mixed-mode test results for different brittle graphite FRP at several mode- and load ratios show reasonable agreement.

Materials sciencePolymers and PlasticsMechanical EngineeringDelaminationMode (statistics)laminated compositeFracture mechanics02 engineering and technologyParis' lawFibre-reinforced plastic021001 nanoscience & nanotechnologyFatigue limitdelaminationMatrix (mathematics)020303 mechanical engineering & transportsBrittleness0203 mechanical engineeringMechanics of MaterialsMaterials ChemistryCeramics and CompositesComposite material0210 nano-technologycyclic loadingJOURNAL OF REINFORCED PLASTICS AND COMPOSITES
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Temperature Sensing in Cells Using Polymeric Upconversion Nanocapsules

2020

Monitoring local temperature inside cells is crucial when interpreting biological activities as enhanced cellular metabolism leads to higher heat production and is commonly correlated with the presence of diseases such as cancer. In this study, we report on polymeric upconversion nanocapsules for potential use as local nanothermometers in cells by exploiting the temperature dependence of the triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion phenomenon. Nanocapsules synthesized by the miniemulsion solvent evaporation technique are composed of a polymer shell and a liquid core of rice bran oil, hosting triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion active dyes as sensitizer and emitter molecules. The sens…

Materials sciencePolymers and PlasticsPolymerschemistry.chemical_elementBioengineering02 engineering and technology010402 general chemistry01 natural sciencesOxygenArticleFluorescenceNanocapsulesBiomaterialsNanocapsulesMaterials ChemistryHumanschemistry.chemical_classificationTemperatureRice bran oilPolymer021001 nanoscience & nanotechnologyFluorescencePhoton upconversion0104 chemical sciences3. Good healthMiniemulsionChemical engineeringchemistryLimiting oxygen concentration0210 nano-technologyHeLa Cells
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Low Conductive Electrodeposited Poly(2,5-dimethoxyaniline) as a Key Material in a Double Lateral Heterojunction, for Sub-ppm Ammonia Sensing in Humid…

2019

We present a new device called a double lateral heterojunction (DLH) as an ammonia sensor in humid atmosphere. It combines polyaniline derivatives in their poor conducting state with a highly conductive molecular material, lutetium bisphthalocyanine, LuPc2. Polyaniline and poly(2,5-dimethoxyaniline) are electrodeposited on ITO interdigitated electrodes, leading to an original device that can be obtained only by electrochemistry and not by other solution processing techniques. Both polymers lead to highly conducting materials that require a neutralization step before their coverage by LuPc2. While the device based on polyaniline shows ohmic behavior, the nonlinear I- V characteristics of the…

Materials sciencePolymersBioengineering02 engineering and technologyElectrochemistry01 natural scienceschemistry.chemical_compoundAmmoniaLimit of DetectionPolyaniline[CHIM]Chemical SciencesInstrumentationOhmic contactElectrical conductorComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUSFluid Flow and Transfer ProcessesConductive polymerchemistry.chemical_classificationAniline Compoundsbusiness.industryProcess Chemistry and Technology010401 analytical chemistryElectric ConductivityHumidityHeterojunctionPolymer021001 nanoscience & nanotechnologyElectroplating0104 chemical sciencesDielectric spectroscopySemiconductorschemistryOptoelectronics0210 nano-technologybusiness
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Catalytic performances of Co3O4/CeO2 and Co3O4/CeO2-ZrO2Composite oxides for methane combustion: influence of catalyst pretreatment temperature and o…

2007

Abstract The influence of catalyst pre-treatment temperature (650 and 750 °C) and oxygen concentration ( λ  = 8 and 1) on the light-off temperature of methane combustion has been investigated over two composite oxides, Co 3 O 4 /CeO 2 and Co 3 O 4 /CeO 2 –ZrO 2 containing 30 wt.% of Co 3 O 4 . The catalytic materials prepared by the co-precipitation method were calcined at 650 °C for 5 h (fresh samples); a portion of them was further treated at 750 °C for 7 h, in a furnace in static air (aged samples). Tests of methane combustion were carried out on fresh and aged catalysts at two different WHSV values (12 000 and 60 000 mL g −1  h −1 ). The catalytic performance of Co 3 O 4 /CeO 2 and Co 3…

Materials scienceProcess Chemistry and TechnologyInorganic chemistrychemistry.chemical_elementAtmospheric temperature rangeCombustionCatalysislaw.inventionCatalysischemistrylawCalcinationLimiting oxygen concentrationCobalt oxideCobaltStoichiometryGeneral Environmental Science
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Ein neuartiges Verfahren der Sauerstoffdetektion für Medizin, Biologie, Umweltforschung und Biotechnik auf Basis der Lumineszenzlöschung - An Innovat…

1996

For most (aerobic) animal organisms, oxygen is a mandatory and global substrate. The accurate measurement of oxygen is therefore of importance in the fields of medicine, biology, environmental research and biotechnology. The fact that oxygen is not readily soluble in aqueous media makes its detection more difficult. In contrast to the technique of polarography, the use of luminescence quenching by paramagnetic oxygen, does not consume the oxygen. Another problem of oxygen detection in connection with respiration is the need for very short response times. A third problem, which is associated with luminescence itself, is the fading of the dyes, which results in long-term signal instability. T…

Materials scienceQuenching (fluorescence)business.industryDetectorBiomedical Engineeringchemistry.chemical_elementOxygenFluorescenceBiotechnologychemistryExcited stateLimiting oxygen concentrationPhosphorescenceLuminescencebusinessBiomedizinische Technik/Biomedical Engineering
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Direct determination by portable ED-XRF of mineral profile in cocoa powder samples

2019

Abstract The present study has exploited the rapidity of the analysis and the multi-elemental capability of the energy dispersive X- ray fluorescence (ED-XRF) technique for the mineral profile determination in cocoa powder. A fast, cheap and environmental sustainable method without reagent consumption or toxic waste generation has been proposed. The samples can be prepared in the form of pellets of 13 mm in diameter and 2–3 mm thickness. The different internal calibrations used by ED-XRF equipment did not provide accurate results when comparing the mineral profile with the concentration obtained by Inductively Couple Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) after microwave assisted di…

Materials scienceRelative standard deviationPellets01 natural sciencesAnalytical Chemistry0404 agricultural biotechnologyMicrowave assisted digestionLimit of DetectionCalibrationChocolateMicrowavesDetection limitCacaoMineralsMineralChromatography010401 analytical chemistrySpectrometry X-Ray Emission04 agricultural and veterinary sciencesGeneral Medicine040401 food science0104 chemical sciencesSpectrophotometryReagentInductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopyFood ScienceFood Chemistry
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Mechano-activated processes on metal oxide interfaces at room temperature

1997

Solid state bonding of metal with oxide at room temperature have been studied. The properties of Al/SiO 2 , Al/glass, Al/MgO, Mg/SiO 2 , In/glass interfaces as well as to ascertain the mechanism of formation of interfaces. Structure, composition and mechanical properties were investigated using auger-spectroscopy (AES), secondary-ion mass-spectrometry (SIMS), electron microscopy and precision microindentation. The results showed marked adhesion not all over contact area but only at zones of the maximum shear stress. The effect of mechanoactivation is considered from the viewpoints of both structure formation and physico- chemical interaction of nonequilibrium systems. As a result of relaxat…

Materials scienceRelaxation (NMR)Oxidechemistry.chemical_elementAdhesionOxygenMetalchemistry.chemical_compoundBrittlenesschemistryChemical engineeringvisual_artvisual_art.visual_art_mediumLimiting oxygen concentrationContact areaSPIE Proceedings
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Engineering failure analysis of corroded R.C. beams in flexure and shear

2018

Abstract In the present paper, a simple model to reproduce the load-deflection response of corroded beams failing in flexure and shear is presented and discussed. Effects of diffused and pitting corrosion on steel bars, compressive concrete strength degradation and concrete bond strength degradation due to rust formation are included in the model. Engineering approach based on limit state theory was here adopted to predict the peak and the residual flexural and shear strength of corroded beams with corresponding deflections and ductility estimation. Calculation of deflection at cracking taking into account of rust formation and deflection at yielding and the ultimate state taking into accou…

Materials scienceShear-moment interactionBond strength0211 other engineering and technologiesGeneral Engineering020101 civil engineeringPitting02 engineering and technology0201 civil engineeringCorrosionCorrosionCrackingEngineering (all)Flexural strengthDeflection (engineering)021105 building & constructionLoad-deflection responsePitting corrosionGeneral Materials ScienceLimit state designMaterials Science (all)SlippageComposite materialBondEngineering Failure Analysis
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