Search results for "LR"
showing 10 items of 764 documents
Wheat Consumption Aggravates Colitis in Mice via Amylase Trypsin Inhibitor–mediated Dysbiosis
2020
Background & Aims Wheat has become the world's major staple and its consumption correlates with prevalence of noncommunicable disorders such as inflammatory bowel diseases. Amylase trypsin inhibitors (ATIs), a component of wheat, activate the intestine's innate immune response via toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). We investigated the effects of wheat and ATIs on severity of colitis and fecal microbiota in mice. Methods C57BL/6 wild-type and Tlr4–/– mice were fed wheat- or ATI-containing diets or a wheat-free (control) diet and then given dextran sodium sulfate to induce colitis; we also studied Il10–/– mice, which develop spontaneous colitis. Changes in fecal bacteria were assessed by taxa-speci…
Dietary antioxidant supplementation did not affect declining sperm function with age in the mouse but did increase head abnormalities and reduced spe…
1998
The present study aims to ascertain whether dietary administration of a mixture of vitamins C and E may prevent the negative effects of paternal age on male fertility variables in the mouse. Experimental males were fed a standard diet supplemented with either a low or high dose of vitamins C and E. Oocytes enclosed in cumulus masses were inseminated using a 2 x 2 factorial design established according to whether males were young (3-4 months of age) or aged (22-24 months of age) and whether they were fed a control or antioxidant diet. Aged males showed a significant decrease in number of spermatozoa/mg epididymis when compared to young males. Dietary supplementation with low doses of vitamin…
Construct validity and reliability of the Finnish version of the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score
2018
Background The Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a commonly used knee assessment and outcome tool in both clinical work and research. However, it has not been formally translated and validated in Finnish. The purpose of this study was to translate and culturally adapt the KOOS questionnaire into Finnish and to determine its validity and reliability among Finnish middle-aged patients with knee injuries. Methods KOOS was translated and culturally adapted from English into Finnish. Subsequently, 59 patients with knee injuries completed the Finnish version of KOOS, Western Ontario and McMaster Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), Short-Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36) and Numeric Pai…
TLR7 and TLR8 ligands and antiphospholipid antibodies show synergistic effects on the induction of IL-1beta and caspase-1 in monocytes and dendritic …
2009
TLRs represent the first line of defense against invading pathogens in the innate immune system. Certain cytokines are important mediators and essentially necessary to assure an appropriately regulated immune response. Recent data gave initial evidence that IL-1beta is one of the most relevant members of these regulating cytokines. We investigated the induction of IL-1beta production in monocytes and pDCs stimulated with ligands for TLR7 and TLR8 and with antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL). Using human monocytes and pDCs for stimulation with specific TLR7 and TLR8 ligands such as resiquimod (R848) and single stranded RNA (RNA42) as well as with a human monoclonal aPL HL5B resulted in a speci…
The hemodynamic approach to evaluating adolescent varicocele
2012
During adolescence, the risk of developing a varicocele increases. Prevalence is less than 1% in boys aged younger than 10 years, but approaches that of the general adult population (about 15%) during puberty. For adolescent males with varicoceles, surgical risk factors have not yet been clearly delineated and clinical severity correlates poorly with prognosis. Fortunately, the widespread use of Doppler ultrasonography is transforming the diagnostic work-up for this demographic. A continuous reflux detected by color Doppler ultrasound (CDUS) is thought to have a negative prognostic value and evidence suggests that a peak retrograde flow above 38 cm per second is a powerful predictor of lack…
TLR4 polymorphisms and ageing: implications for the pathophysiology of age-related diseases.
2009
Innate immunity provides a first line of host defense against infection by recognizing and killing microbes while simultaneously activating an instructive immune response. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are principal mediators of rapid microbial recognition and function mainly by detection of pathogen-associated molecular patterns that do not exist in the host. Recognition of their ligands leads to a series of signaling events resulting in acute host responses, involved in killing pathogens. Discussion We describe the involvement of TLR4 polymorphisms in ageing, and in particular in age-related diseases, suggesting the crucial role of molecules of innate immunity in pathophysiology of these dis…
Infrequent co-existence of nitric oxide synthase and parvalbumin, calbindin and calretinin immunoreactivity in rat pontine neurons.
1995
Neurons in the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus (LDTg), ventrolateral dorsal tegmental nucleus (LDTgV), pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPTg), lateral and medial parabrachial nuclei (LPB and MPB) were immunoreactive to brain nitric oxide synthase (NOS) or isoform I. Double-labeling experiments showed that very few NOS-containing neurons in the pons were immunoreactive to any of the three calcium-binding proteins: calbindin-D 28K (CB-IR), parvalbumin (PV-IR) and calretinin (CR-IR). These findings extend our previous observation in the neocortex and suggest that a population of central NOS-containing neurons can be neurochemically characterized as CB/CR/PV deficient.
Altered expression of neuropeptides in the primary somatosensory cortex of the Down syndrome model Ts65Dn.
2011
Down syndrome is the most common genetic disorder associated with mental retardation. Subjects and mice models for Down syndrome (such as Ts65Dn) show defects in the formation of neuronal networks in both the hippocampus and the cerebral cortex. The principal neurons display alterations in the morphology, density and distribution of dendritic spines in the cortex as well as in the hippocampus. Several evidences point to the possibility that the atrophy observed in principal neurons could be mediated by changes in their inhibitory inputs and, in fact, an imbalance between excitation and inhibition has been observed in Ts65Dn mice in these regions, which are crucial for learning and informati…
Cardiac effects of isoliquiritigenin
1997
The effects of isoliquiritigenin on force of contraction (Fc), L-type Ca2+ current (I(Ca)) and intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) were investigated in rat ventricular heart muscle. Isoliquiritigenin increased Fc and I(Ca) and, after longer exposure times, resting tension and [Ca2+]i. The effect of isoliquiritigenin (100 microM) on I(Ca) was diminished by Rp-cAMPS (30 microM). 1H-[1,2,4]oxa- diazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (50 microM) did not influence the effects of isoliquiritigenin on Fc and I(Ca). The positive inotropic effects of isoprenaline and forskolin, but not of 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, were potentiated by isoliquiritigenin (100 microM). In the presence of milrinone (10…
Toll-like receptor 2 mediates prostaglandin E2 production in murine peritoneal macrophages and splenocytes in response to Candida albicans
2004
The involvement of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and TLR4 in triggering signal transduction pathways leading to prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) production in response to Candida albicans has been studied in cells from wild-type, TLR2-/- and TLR4-/- knockout mice. In vitro PGE(2) production by macrophages challenged with zymosan, yeast or hypha cells was strongly inhibited in TLR2-deficient cells, but not in TLR4-/- cells, as compared to macrophages from wild-type mice. PGE(2) production was dependent on de novo cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox2) synthesis, since unchallenged cells failed to produce PGE(2) and specific Cox2 inhibition during challenge totally blocked PGE(2) production. Similar results were o…