Search results for "LSA"
showing 10 items of 832 documents
The impact of isolated lesions on white-matter fiber tracts in multiple sclerosis patients
2015
Infratentorial lesions have been assigned an equivalent weighting to supratentorial plaques in the new McDonald criteria for diagnosing multiple sclerosis. Moreover, their presence has been shown to have prognostic value for disability. However, their spatial distribution and impact on network damage is not well understood. As a preliminary step in this study, we mapped the overall infratentorial lesion pattern in relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis patients (N = 317) using MRI, finding the pons (lesion density, 14.25/cm3) and peduncles (13.38/cm3) to be predilection sites for infratentorial lesions. Based on these results, 118 fiber bundles from 15 healthy controls and a subgroup of 23 …
Temporal Structure of Human Gaze Dynamics Is Invariant During Free Viewing.
2015
We investigate the dynamic structure of human gaze and present an experimental study of the frequency components of the change in gaze position over time during free viewing of computer-generated fractal images. We show that changes in gaze position are scale-invariant in time with statistical properties that are characteristic of a random walk process. We quantify and track changes in the temporal structure using a well-defined scaling parameter called the Hurst exponent, H. We find H is robust regardless of the spatial complexity generated by the fractal images. In addition, we find the Hurst exponent is invariant across all participants, including those with distinct changes to higher or…
Involvement of Jugular Valve Insufficiency in Cerebral Venous Air Embolism
2007
Background. Cerebral venous air entrapment is a rare finding on cranial computed tomography (CT) scan. Peripheral air embolism is discussed as a potential cause. However, the mechanism of retrograde passage through internal jugular valves and veins is unclear. Case Report. The case of a patient is reported, who had air entrapment in the left cavernous sinus. Prior to CT scanning, a peripheral intravenous line had been placed. Ultrasound revealed excessive insufficiency of the left internal jugular valve. To further study the mechanism of embolism, an echo contrast agent was injected into the cubital vein. A Valsalva maneuver resulted in retrograde transition of microbubbles across the insuf…
Does self‐compassion help to deal with dietary lapses among overweight and obese adults who pursue weight‐loss goals?
2021
Objectives Self-compassion can facilitate self-improvement motivation. We examined the effects of self-compassion in response to dietary lapses on outcomes relevant to weight-loss strivings using a longitudinal design. The indirect effects of self-compassion via guilt and shame were also explored. Design An Ecological Momentary Assessment methodology was employed with a sample of adults who were overweight or obese attempting to lose weight via dietary restriction (N = 56; Mage = 34.88; SD = 13.93; MBMI = 32.50; SD = 6.88) and who responded to brief surveys sent to their mobile phones twice daily for two weeks. Methods Dietary temptations and lapses were assessed at each diary entry, and se…
Epilepsy in the Elderly
2009
Epilepsy is the third most common disease affecting the brain in the elderly. Current demographic trends will lead to an increased prevalence of epilepsy in the general population.A selective literature search revealed 102 relevant publications as of September 2008, 50 of which were original articles.The level of evidence was found to be very low. No guidelines, systematic reviews or meta-analyses are available, and there have been only three randomized, double-blind trials of treatment for epilepsy in the elderly. The seizures often escape clinical attention, because premonitory symptoms (aura) and secondary generalization into tonic-clonic seizures are both rarer in older patients. On the…
Pain Increases the Risk for Sarcopenia in Community-Dwelling Adults: Results From the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing
2023
AbstractBackgroundPain and sarcopenia are common in older people. Cross-sectional studies have reported a significant association between these two conditions, but cohort studies exploring pain as a potential risk factor for sarcopenia are scarce. Given this background, the aim of the present work was to investigate the association between pain (and its severity) at baseline, and the incidence of sarcopenia over 10 years of follow-up in a large representative sample of the English older adult population.MethodsPain was diagnosed using self-reported information and categorized as mild to severe pain at four sites (low back, hip, knee, and feet). Incident sarcopenia was defined as having low …
Social frailty increases the risk of all-cause mortality: A longitudinal analysis of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing
2022
Objectives\ud Social frailty is a common condition in older people, but its consequences are largely unknown. Therefore, in this longitudinal analysis, we aimed to investigate the association between social frailty and risk of all-cause mortality in a large sample of older people.\ud Design\ud Longitudinal, cohort.\ud Settings and participants\ud Older people participating to the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA).\ud Methods\ud Social frailty was defined based on financial difficulty, household status, social activity, and contacts with other people: social frailty was defined as ≥2 points, social pre-frailty (1 point), and robustness (0 points). Survival status during ten years o…
Pharmacological heterogeneity of γ-aminobutyric acid receptors during development suggests distinct classes of rat cerebellar granule cells in situ
2001
The gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor (GABA(A)R) represents a ligand-gated Cl(-)-channel assembling as heteropentamere from 19 known subunits. Cerebellar granule cells contain a unique subset, namely the alpha1-, alpha6-, beta2-, gamma2- and delta-subunits. We studied their GABAergic pharmacology in situ using whole-cell patch-clamp recordings in brain slices and a modified Y-tube application system. The distribution of the EC50s for GABA in young (P8-P14) and medium aged animals (P15-P28) could be fitted with the sum of two Gaussian distributions with means of 60 and 185 microM and 27 and 214 microM, respectively. In older animals (P29-P48) the observed homogeneous range of sensitivities fi…
Evidences of cannabinoids-induced modulation of paroxysmal events in an experimental model of partial epilepsy in the rat.
2009
The anticonvulsant effect of cannabinoids (CB) has been shown to be mediated by the activation of the CB(1) receptor. This study evaluates the anticonvulsant activity of (R)-(+)-[2,3-dihydro-5-methyl-3-(4-morpholinylmethyl) pyrrolo[1,2,3-de]-1,4-benzoxazin-6-Yl]-1-naphthalenylmethanone (WIN55,212-2, CB agonist) alone or preceded by the administration of N-(piperidin-1-yl)-5-(4-iodophenyl)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide (AM251, selective CB(1) antagonist) in an experimental in vivo model of complex partial seizures (maximal dentate gyrus activation - MDA) in the rat. WIN55,212-2 (21mgkg(-1)) exerted an anticonvulsant effect, significantly reduced by the pre-treatme…
Modulation of visual cortex excitability in migraine with aura: effects of valproate therapy.
2009
We explored the effects of valproate treatment on visual cortex excitability changes in migraine with aura patients. Abnormal cortical excitability has been suggested to play an important role in the etiopathogenesis of migraine; in particular, it has been suggested a failure of inhibitory circuits in migraine with aura. Valproate acts as a central GABA agonist and it is reasonable suppose that VPA could modify cortical excitability state. Phosphene threshold (PT) was assessed at baseline and after 1 Hz rTMS before and after one month therapy. We found that low-frequency rTMS in drug-free migraineurs decreased PT, while the treatment with the GABA agonist valproate is able to revert the eff…