Search results for "Langerhan"
showing 8 items of 138 documents
Islet beta-cell apoptosis triggered in vivo by interleukin-1beta is not related to the inducible nitric oxide synthase pathway: evidence for mitochon…
2003
IL-1beta is recognized as an effector cytokine contributing to islet beta-cell destruction during diabetes. We have previously shown in vitro that IL-1beta induces nitric oxide (NO) and beta-cell damage. Here, we show that IL-1beta administration in vivo to Wistar rats transiently increases manganese superoxide dismutase activity, whereas inducible NO synthase is not detected, and the levels of nitrate+nitrate do not change. Moreover, a significant decrease of mitochondrial aconitase, leading to a rise of hydroperoxides, and islet beta-cell apoptosis, involving caspase-3 and -8, is observed. Analysis of adhesion molecules in beta-cells showed that intercellular adhesion molecule-1 is highly…
A rare case of oral multisystem Langerhans cell histiocytosis
2017
Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare disorder characterized by high proliferation of Langerhans dendritic cells. LCH is a solitary or multifocal disease that primarily involves bone tissue and often affects children and young men. A 29 years-old Caucasian man was referred to the Oral Surgery Unit of George Eastman Hospital - Umberto I teaching hospital, with third degree mobility of teeth belonging to second, third and fourth quadrant. Panoramic radiograph showed multiple radiolucent areas with well demarcated borders on the right and left site of the mandible and on the left site of the maxilla. Extractions of compromised teeth and biopsy of the osteolytic tissue were performed. T…
In Vivo Molecular Imaging of Somatostatin Receptors in Pancreatic Islet Cells and Neuroendocrine Tumors by Miniaturized Confocal Laser-Scanning Fluor…
2010
The aim of the study was to evaluate real time in vivo molecular imaging of somatostatin receptors (sstrs) using a handheld miniaturized confocal laser scan microscope (CLM) in conjunction with fluorescein-labeled octreotate (OcF) in healthy mice and murine models of neuroendocrine tumors. For CLM a small rigid probe (diameter 7 mm) with an integrated single line laser (488 nm) was used (optical slice thickness 7 μm; lateral resolution 0.7 μm). OcF was synthesized via Fmoc solid-phase peptide synthesis and purified by HPLC showing high-affinity binding to the sstr2 (IC50 6.2 nmol). For in vitro evaluation, rat and human pancreatic cancer cells were used and characterized with respect to its…
Langerhans’s cell histiocytosis in old subjects: two rare case reports and review of the literature
2012
doi: 10.1111/j.1741-2358.2012.00629.x Langerhans’s cell histiocytosis in old subjects: two rare case reports and review of the literature Background: Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a proliferative disease of histiocyte-like cells that generally affects children; LCH onset is rare in adults; immunohistochemistry is essential to obtain the correct diagnosis, and treatment protocols are controversial. Objective: To describe two new cases of adult onset oral LCH. Case reports: Case 1: a 71-year-old woman, complaining of diffuse oral pain, presented with erythematous mucosal lesions; the panoramic radiograph and CT scan showed multiple mandible radiolucent areas. Immunohistochemical a…
Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of (S)-2-([11C]methoxy)-4-[3-methyl-1-(2-piperidine-1-yl-phenyl)-butyl-carbamoyl]-benzoic acid ([11C]methoxy-repagl…
2004
The 11 C-labeled sulfonylurea receptor 1 (SUR1) ligand (S)-2-(( 11 C)methoxy)-4-(3-methyl-1-(2-piperidine-1-yl-phenyl)- butyl-carbamoyl)-benzoic acid (( 11 C)methoxy-repaglinide) was synthesized in an overall radiochemical yield of 35% after 55 min with a radiochemical purity higher than 99%. This compound is considered for the noninvasive investigation of the SUR1 receptor status of pancreatic b-cells by positron emission tomography (PET) in the context of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. The specific activity was 40-70 GBq/lmol. In vitro testing of the nonradioactive methoxy-repaglinide was performed to characterize the affinity for binding to the human SUR1 isoform. Methoxy-repaglinide induce…
Skin response to a carcinogen involves the xenobiotic receptor pregnane X receptor.
2015
Skin is in daily contact with potentially harmful molecules from the environment such as cigarette smoke, automobile emissions, industrial soot and groundwater. Pregnane X receptor (PXR) is a transcription factor expressed in liver and intestine that is activated by xenobiotic chemicals including drugs and environmental pollutants. Topical application of the tumor initiator 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) enhances Pxr, Cyp1a1, Cyp1b1 and Cyp3a11, but not Ahr expression in the skin. Surprisingly, DMBA-induced Pxr upregulation is largely impaired in Langerin(+) cell-depleted skin, suggesting that DMBA mainly triggers Pxr in Langerin(+) cells. Furthermore, PXR deficiency protects from DN…
Production of functional IL-18 by different subtypes of murine and human dendritic cells (DC): DC-derived IL-18 enhances IL-12-dependent Th1 developm…
1998
IL-18 is a recently described cytokine that shares biological activities with IL-12 in driving the development of Th1-type T cells. As dendritic cells (DC) are very potent inducers of T cell proliferation and differentiation we wondered whether they utilize IL-18 as a factor driving Th1 development. We demonstrate by Northern blot and reverse transcription-PCR that various subtypes of human and murine DC as well as the DC-line XS contain IL-18 mRNA. When supernatants of either enriched Langerhans cells (LC) or bone marrow-derived DC were analyzed for production of IL-18 protein, IL-18 production was detected in an IL-18-specific ELISA. To assess whether the IL-18 protein released by DC is f…
Maturation of Epidermal Langerhans Cells In Vitro Is Accompanied by Downregulation of 4F2 (CD98) as Determined by Differential Display
1998
Following short-term culture, Langerhans cells mature morphologically and functionally into potent immunostimulatory cells. As regulation of gene expression accompanies this maturation process, it is likely that differentially expressed genes are involved in the maturation events. Using the recently described method of differential display, we generated cDNA expression patterns starting with mRNA of murine epidermal Langerhans cells isolated either directly (fLC) or following 3 d cultivation (cLC). Five hundred putative differentially expressed cDNA fragments were recovered from the gel. For a part of the fragments differential expression was confirmed by dot blot and Southern hybridization…