Search results for "League"
showing 10 items of 76 documents
The lack of balance in the Spanish First Division football league
2014
Research question: The importance of balance in sports competitions has been made evident on many occasions. The dominance of a few teams over the rest of the participants in the Spanish First Division Football League has made the subject of a lack of balance an omnipresent one in sports journalism. The aim of this article is to show that the lack of balance is not just a matter of the past few seasons, but also it has been evidenced since far back in time. To test this hypothesis, the results of the league have been analyzed since its inception through various static and dynamic indices of competitive balance.Research methods: The empirical distribution of static and dynamic indices under …
The Spanish Football Crisis
2008
Abstract This article analyses the economic results of Spanish professional football teams using data collected over the past few years. These data differ substantially from the information presented in the annual reports of the “Liga de Futbol Profesional” (Spanish professional football league), which are obtained from the initial budgets elaborated each season. Special attention is paid to the two most important teams in the Spanish league: Real Madrid and FC Barcelona. The results of this research show that Spanish football has the same problems as those evidenced by the Italian and English football leagues and, therefore, requires similar solutions in order to be able to survive in fort…
Influence of insolvency of a football club in Poland on the right to participate in league games
2020
AbstractThe study is devoted to the issue of the impact of sports club insolvency in Poland on the right to participate in league games. In this respect, not only the regulation of insolvency law is of the key importance. There are also crucial organizational rules established by the sports association (the Polish Football Association—Polski Związek Piłki Nożnej) determining admission to league games of only such sports clubs which have adequate financial liquidity. It should be stressed that the Polish Football Association (hereinafter “PZPN”) regulations do not allow to take part in competitions sports club in bankruptcy. This topic has become particularly relevant in 2020 in the context …
When everyone is special : gender representation in League of legends
2012
Median vaikutusta sukupuolirooleihin ja niiden tulkintaan on jo pitkään tutkittu eritoten televisiosarjojen osalta. Televisiosarjojen tavoin pelit tavoittavat usein suuria yleisöjä ja täten vaikuttavat jo tarjontansa puolesta käyttäjiensä odotuksiin sukupuoliroolien suhteen. Tästä huolimatta pelejä ja pelien välittämiä sukupuolirooleja on tutkittu verrattain vähän. Tämä työ tarkasteleekin, miten naishahmoja edustetaan suositussa League of Legends-pelissä ja millaisia sukupuolirooleja peli luo. Työn analyysi on jaettu kahteen osaan: ensiksi tarkastellaan pelissä esiintyvien hahmojen määrällistä suhdetta toisiinsa, eli kuinka moni pelin hahmoista on mies- tai naispuolinen, missä rooleissa hah…
An ecological dynamics rationale to explain home advantage in professional football
2016
Despite clear findings, research on home advantage in team sports lacks a comprehensive theoretical rationale for understanding why this phenomenon is so compelling. The aim of this study was to provide an explanatory theoretical rationale in ecological dynamics for the influence of home advantage observed in research on professional football. We recorded 30 competitive matches and analyzed 13958 passes, from one highly successful team in the Portuguese Premier League, during season 2010/2011. Performance data were analyzed using the Match Analysis Software—Amisco[Formula: see text] (version 3.3.7.25), allowing us to characterize team activity profiles. Results were interpreted from an ecol…
Kwestia niemiecka w publicystyce emigracyjnej Ligi Niepodległości Polski po II wojnie światowej
2019
The Polish Independence League (PIL) was a political representation of Piłsudski’s followers in exile. The article presents the position of the PIL regarding the German issue after World War II. Michał Grażyński was the most outstanding expert on German issues in the ranks of Piłsudski’s followers. Before World War II, he was a long-term voivode of Silesia and a well-known politician, publicist and the president of the PIL in exile. Piłsudski’s followers repeatedly demanded that Western governments recognise the border on the Odra and Nysa Łużycka Rivers. They advocated that the western territories belong to Poland by referring to security considerations and using economic and historical ar…
Presentación. Deporte e identidad nacional: articulaciones y desconexiones en contextos postnacionales
2020
This article is the presentation of the issue on "Sport and national identity" by Papeles del CEIC. The introduction highlights the historical simultaneity in the emergence of sport and the building of modern Nation-States, as well as the role of the former in the processes of building of national identities. Next, reference is made to the transformations caused by the processes of globalization and its impact in the articulation of collective identities and sport. The dossier includes a paper that analyses the way in which the social history of football can serve to think about the national identity of Brazil; two papers that explore the challenges concerning collective identity faced by a…
Foreign policy and de-Europeanization under the M5S–League government: exploring the Italian behavior in the UN General Assembly
2021
This article explores the first declaredly populist and Eurosceptical Italian government’s role as a potential driver of de-Europeanization dynamics in Italian foreign policy. After describing the M5S–League government’s discursive de-Europeanization on core substantive EU values, the article focuses on multilateralism, a critical pillar of Italian foreign policy and a substantive norm of the European Union, and investigates the actual foreign policy conduct in the UN General Assembly. By analyzing the voting and sponsoring behavior of the M5S-League government, the article systematically assesses variations in de-Europeanization’s critical dimensions (culture of cooperation, repudiation of…
Exclusively juvenile centrioles inXenopus laevis oocytes injected with preparations of mature centrioles
1999
Activated oocytes of Xenopus laevis were injected with centriole preparations isolated either from spermatozoa of loach fish Misgurnus fossilis or from rat liver. These injections induced the development of cytasters in the ooplasm and egg cleavage. Electron microscopic study of cytasters was made at the stage that corresponded to interphase between first and second cleavage divisions. This study revealed in cytasters singleton centrioles surrounded by pericentriolar material and numerous microtubules. Surprisingly, the ultrastructure of centrioles in cytasters corresponded to that of juvenile, newly formed vertebrate centrioles, whereas the injected preparations contained only adult mature…
El Groupe Français d´Éducation Nouvelle y la Guerra Civil española en las revistas Pour l´Ère Nouvelle y L´Éducateur Prolétarien
2017
The Groupe Français d’Éducation Nouvelle (G.F.E.N.) was a fundamental point of reference for the New Education movement in Europe, represented in the interwar period by the International League for New Education. It was a diverse group, both in its composition and its ideological and pedagogical guidance, especially from 1936 with the arrival of Celestin Freinet and his co-workers from the Coopérative d’Enseignement laic. Through its magazine, Pour l’Ère Nouvelle, which was founded by Adolphe Ferrière and published regularly between January 1922 and March 1940, this movement had a significant influence on educational reformers throughout those two decades. The same is true for the magazine …