Search results for "Legal"

We Had to Feed the People: The Italian Lira and the Political Economy of Currency in British Eritrea, 1941–1950

2021

Following the occupation of Eritrea in 1941, British authorities in London promoted a currency policy aimed at replacing the Italian lira with a sterling-based currency basket. In May 1942, they opted for the enforcement of the East African shilling as the new legal tender. The lire, however, did not disappear overnight. Their circulation was tolerated—and, in some cases, even encouraged—by British authorities in Asmara, which exploited the small deal of autonomy they enjoyed from London to adapt the new monetary system to the needs of local governance. The case study is a useful lens to analyse the multiplicity of interests that shaped the political economy of currency of the United Kingdo…

Perceptions of Immigrants Towards Refugees and Finns

2021

For a full picture and for more developed insights into the intergroup relations between Finns, immigrants, refugees, and other migrants, it was important for us to look beyond the experiences of refugees and ethnic Finns and to examine the position of other immigrants living or residing in Finland. Thus, this chapter explores the perception immigrants have towards Finns and refugees. Building off intergroup threat theory (ITT), this chapter describes the extent to which immigrants perceive immigrants and refugees as a threat to Finnish society. Through an analysis of in-depth interviews, this chapter brings to light these perceived threats to understand the immigration and prejudice situat…

State Sovereignty: Balancing Effectiveness and Legality/Legitimacy

2018

This chapter aims to examine one of the most interesting topics in the contemporary internationalist debate, namely the crisis of effectiveness as the ultimate or sufficient criterion for achieving statehood and territorial sovereignty. Since the 1970s the perception that international law can no longer accept social reality as it is but promotes and imposes standards of justice and common values has become increasingly widespread. More recently, the ensuing discussion between realists and legalists emerged as one of the central topics addressed within the framework of the advisory procedure concerning Kosovo’s declaration of independence. By discussing and critically appraising the normati…

Clinical pharmacology of citrus aurantium and citrus sinensis for the treatment of anxiety

2018

Objective. The aim of this review is to analyze preclinical and clinical studies investigating the anxiety effects ofCitrus aurantiumorCitrus sinensisessential oils (EOs).Design. The bibliographic research was made on the major scientific databases. Analysis included only articles written in English and published on peer-reviewed scientific journals describing preclinical experiments and clinical trials carried out to investigate the antianxiety effects ofCitrus aurantium or Citrus sinensisEOs on anxiety disorders. Clinical studies reporting the antianxiety effects of products containingCitrus aurantiumorCitrus sinensisEOs in combination with other active substances, including medicinal pla…

Mujer y juego online. Propuesta de tratamiento de un caso de adicción a videobingo

2019

Desde la legalización del juego online en España el trastorno de juego se ha incrementado notablemente, ya que ha aumentado la disponibilidad y accesibilidad de un tipo de juego que es, de por sí, más adictivo que el tradicional. Aunque las tasas de prevalencia son superiores en hombres que en mujeres, ellas no son ajenas a este problema, que también suele concurrir con otros problemas de índole emocional. El trabajo que presentamos es un estudio de caso de una mujer procedente de los servicios de salud mental, que padecía, además de adicción al juego, una importante sintomatología clínica. Se describe el protocolo de tratamiento de adicción al juego online desarrollado en la Unidad de Inve…

Lethal rupture of post-traumatic aneurysm of the vertebral artery case report.

2009

Abstract Traumatic aneurysms or dissections of the vertebral artery have been reported in patients who have suffered minor craniofacial injuries in traffic accidents. A case is reported of ruptured traumatic vertebral artery aneurysm due to closed head injury without without penetrating injuries or skull fractures. The macroscopic and histological findings relevant to the vertebral wall were compatible with post-traumatic aneurysm; the rupture of the wall was assumed to be caused by sepsis and local infiltration of inflammatory cells.

Ethical challenges in cell-based interventions for neurological conditions: some lessons to be learnt from clinical transplantation trials in patient…

2009

Determination of Death in Execution by Lethal Injection in China.

2018

Abstract:Since 1997, execution in China has been increasingly performed by lethal injection. The current criteria for determination of death for execution by lethal injection (cessation of heartbeat, cessation of respiration, and dilated pupils) neither conform to current medical science nor to any standard of medical ethics. In practice, death is pronounced in China within tens of seconds after starting the lethal injection. At this stage, however, neither the common criteria for cardiopulmonary death (irreversible cessation of heartbeat and breathing) nor that of brain death (irreversible cessation of brain functions) have been met. To declare a still-living person dead is incompatible wi…

HCV eradication: a duty of the State, an option for the individual

2020

In recent years, the debate on ethical issues related to hepatitis C virus therapies has been focused on the problem of drug prices and access to therapies. Nonetheless, the goal of hepatitis C virus eradication set by the World Health Organization in 2016 is raising new ethical issues, since governments are faced with a new challenge: reaching through screening, diagnosis and treatment a large amount of subjects with undiagnosed hepatitis C infection. National governments, especially high-income countries with a Welfare State, are compelled to provide access to therapies, but also to involve those who are still unaware of their disease status. Since people cannot be forced but should be gu…

Can Information about Pandemics Increase Negative Attitudes toward Foreign Groups? A Case of COVID-19 Outbreak

2020

Pathogen threat can translate into a willingness to distance oneself from others on a psychological level. Building on this notion, we predicted that the ongoing coronavirus pandemic can affect attitudes toward foreign nationalities. We explored the intergroup consequences of the current epidemiological situation in two studies involving a total of 652 participants. In correlational Study 1, we showed a positive relationship between media exposure in the United Kingdom (UK) and in Poland, and prejudice to four foreign nationalities. Study 2 showed that negative affect toward Italians (i.e., a nation struggling with the most severe COVID-19 outbreak at the time of the study) was indirectly p…