Search results for "Legal"

An analysis of the Spanish ceramic tile industry research contracts and patents

2018

In this work, we apply a systemic approach to the analysis of a particular geographic territory, the industrial district. We are particularly interested in analysing the interaction between the productive-technological environment and the scientific environment by an examination of research contracts and patents. Our analysis shows that R&D activity in the Spanish ceramic tile District Innovation System was mainly conducted by suppliers. Final producers’ innovation efforts were related to non-technological aspects and differentiation.

A Synthetic View of Different Concepts of Creditor Protection - Or a High-Level Framework for Corporate Creditor Protection

2006

Protection of corporate creditors has become an important topic within the European Union. At EU level, discussion has been sparked by widespread dissatisfaction with some very rigid and cumbersome provisions, and even with the whole concept of the Second Company Law Directive. At EU Member State level, three landmark decisions by the European Court of Justice — Centros, Uberseering, and Inspire Art — opened the way for an all-out competition between the different company forms provided for by national company laws. At both levels, albeit for different reasons, British company law — and in particular the absence of any legal capital in the private limited company — acts as the main driving …

The Role of Fraudulent Transfer Rules in Corporate Insolvency

2008

"The article is based on a lecture given by the author in Paris on the 12. October 2007 in the context of a Symposium devoted to corporate insolvency law. It deals with the role of fraudulent transfer rules in company law. The research is carried out on the field of comparative and European law. It therefore starts from a stipulative definition of [UTF-8?]“fraudulent transfer [UTF-8?]rules†which excludes preferences (even if they belong to the matter, in some legal systems) but includes the regulations aimed at subordinating [UTF-8?]shareholders’ loans. The paper demonstrates that the different [UTF-8?]“fraudulent transfer [UTF-8?]rules†adopted by principal EU Member States conver…

What are the ethical dimensions in the profession of intensive care specialist?

2017

International audience; Two essential components of the profession of a medical doctor are the constant review of the patient's therapeutic project, and collaboration between healthcare professionals. The profession of intensive care unit (ICU) physician goes further in terms of responsibility, vis-à-vis the intensive treatments dispensed to the patients, and the physician's responsibilities towards the patient's family and the caregiving team, also bearing in mind that ICU care is costly in terms of human and financial resources. In this review, we address the profession of ICU physician from the perspective of the ethical questions that arise constantly, focusing on the timeframe of the r…

Who uses intermediaries in international trade? Evidence from firm-level survey data

2011

The present paper uses data from the World Bank Enterprise Survey conducted in Turkey in 2005 to shed light on the firms which use intermediaries in international trade. It lends robust empirical support to recent theories which suggest that indirect exporters are mostly small firms which are not profitable enough to cover the high fixed costs of building their own distribution network abroad. Manufacturers which introduce entirely new products to foreign markets are more likely to use trade intermediaries, as are firms which produce low quality goods. In contrast, neither foreign ownership nor credit constraints are correlated with the choice of export mode. Moreover, firms which rely on t…

Motherhood in the Context of Human Trafficking and Sexual Exploitation

2020

This book discusses motherhood of Nigerian and Romanian women in Italy and Romania, who are human trafficking victims for sexual purposes. It provides a broad gender approach to emerge on the phenomenon of human trafficking with an analytic perspective of all the social, cultural, legal and economic components that play an important role during all phases of motherhood. The book compares the motherhood of these two nationalities within a context of an illegal/legal status in the European territory. It reflects on the used terms of vulnerability, sexual exploitation, victim, resistance and resilience. This book enlightens scholars and students with a broad perspective on this complex phenome…

The Rohingya People and the International Court of Justice: Religion-Related Legal Analysis

2020

Human Rights and Changes to the International Legal System. Philosophical Reflections on the (Difficult) Coexistence of International Humanitarian La…

2012

Chapter 6 analyses the relationship between International human rights law (IHRL) and international humanitarian law (IHL). IHL represents the new version of a part of the old ius gentium, in particular its ius in bello. Nonetheless, IHL excludes ius ad bellum, formerly linked to ius in bello in ius gentium, in continuity with the Just War Theory. The current IHL is characterized by neutrality, impartiality, and humanity in protecting victims. The practice of IHRL – not the abstract doctrine of natural rights – aims to protect human beings in different contexts and against different forms of vulnerability. In this last sense, IHL could be seen as a part of the former in the case of vulnerab…

Quale disciplina per la violazione di norme internazionali?

2023

In this chapter the traditional legal issues concerning the legal regime which applies to international law violations are described, according to an original perspective. First of all, some specific problems (such as the place of fault and damage; the moment in which a violation can be considered as being committed, and the conditions governing such a commission; the role to be recognized to countermeasure in the general framework of the legal consequences of internationally wrongful acts, etc.) are solved, at variance with the mainstream opinion. Second: the elements of an internationally wrongful act as well as its legal effects are both examined with regard to the general regime and som…

Protecting Human Subjects in Internet Research

2005

The growth of the Internet as a research venue has led to practical, legal, and ethical problems regarding the protection of human subjects. Among these are difficulty in verifying subjects’ identities, gaining informed consent, and assuring ethically- correct research. The authors summarize the current standards pertaining to the protection of human subjects in online research and present a set of guidelines for dealing ethically, legally, and practically with the issues of privacy and confidentiality, intellectual property, informed consent, and protection from harm. As computer-mediated communications merge and evolve, as the Internet becomes more and more a part of everyday life, and as…