Search results for "Leukocytes"
showing 10 items of 429 documents
Elastase, myeloperoxidase, nitric oxide metabolites and oxidative status in subjects with clinical stable chronic renal failure on conservative treat…
2009
We evaluated, in a group of 41 CRF undialyzed subjects (29 men and 12 women, mean age 64.1 +/- 11.3 years), some parameters that reflect leukocyte activation (elastase, myeloperoxidase - MPO), plasma NO metabolites (NO(x)) and the oxidative status (lipid peroxidation expressed as thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) and total antioxidant status (TAS). Elastase was determined, on plasma separated from fasting venous blood, as elastase/alpha1-proteinase inhibitor complex. MPO was evaluated employing the Myeloperoxidase ELISA kit. The NO production was evaluated by a micromethod. The oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids was evaluated in plasma by detection of the thiobarbituric …
Contributions of ACE and mast cell chymase to endogenous angiotensin II generation and leucocyte recruitment in vivo
2011
Aims In vitro studies suggest that mast cell chymase (MCP) is more important than angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) for generating angiotensin II (Ang II) within the cardiovascular system. We investigated in vivo the relative contributions of ACE and MCP to leucocyte recruitment induced by endogenously generated Ang II. Methods and results Exposure of the murine cremasteric microcirculation of C57BL/6 mice to Ang I (100 nM for 4 h) induced leucocyte–endothelium interactions. Either losartan (an Ang II receptor-1 antagonist, AT1) or enalapril (an ACE inhibitor), but not chymostatin (a chymase inhibitor), inhibited Ang I-induced responses. Mast cell degranulation with compound 48/80 (CMP48/…
Gastric antisecretory drugs induce leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions through gastrin release and activation of CCK-2 receptors.
2007
Antisecretory drugs are effective antiulcer agents, but its chronic use generates hypergastrinemia and accelerates the development of atrophic gastritis in Helicobacter pylori-positive patients. We have recently shown that gastrin exerts a proinflammatory effect in rats through CCK-2 receptor activation that contributes to the inflammation induced by H. pylori. The present study was designed to examine whether gastrin hypersecretion in response to treatment with antisecretory drugs induces an inflammatory response that could promote mucosal atrophy. The effects of omeprazole or famotidine on leukocyte/endothelial cell interactions in vivo were analyzed in rat mesenteric venules using intrav…
Human leukocyte/endothelial cell interactions and mitochondrial dysfunction in type 2 diabetic patients and their association with silent myocardial …
2013
OBJECTIVE Diabetes is associated with oxidative stress and increased mortality, but a possible correlation between leukocyte-endothelium interactions, oxidative stress, and silent myocardial ischemia (SMI) is yet to be confirmed. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Mitochondrial dysfunction and interactions between leukocytes and human umbilical vein endothelial cells were evaluated in 200 type 2 diabetic patients (25 with SMI) and 60 body composition– and age-matched control subjects. A possible correlation between these parameters and the onset of SMI was explored, and anthropometric and metabolic parameters were also analyzed. RESULTS Waist, levels of triglycerides, proinflammatory cytokines (i…
Differences in the composition of inflammatory cell infiltrate in lens-induced uveitis under therapy with allopurinol or steroids.
2001
Purpose The aim of this study was to compare the qualitative changes in the composition of inflammatory cell infiltrate in lens-induced uveitis (LIU) under treatment with allopurinol (Allo), methylprednisolone (Pred) or the two drugs combined (Allo/Pred). Methods Twenty male Wistar rats were sensitized with lens proteins for eight weeks. Intravenous (IV) therapy was started after anterior capsule disruption in one eye of each animal. Five rats were randomly assigned to each of the four groups: controls, Allo (50 mg/kg bw), Pred (7.5 mg/kg bw) and Allo/Pred (50 mg/7.5 mg per kg bw). Eyes were enucleated 24 hours later and fixed in paraformaldehyde/glutaraldehyde. Sections at three levels wer…
Cell-free DNA and Microvascular Damage in ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Treated With Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.
2019
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction might originate from hyperactivated leukocytes at the coronary lesion. Our aim was to investigate the relationship between cfDNA and coronary reperfusion. METHODS We studied 116 patients treated with primary angioplasty using thrombus aspiration. Coronary (during aspiration) and peripheral (at the end of the procedure) blood samples were drawn for cfDNA, as well as high-sensitivity troponin T and myeloperoxidase quantification. The primary endpoint was no ST-segment resolution (STR) (≥ 70%) and the secondary endpoint was lack of final Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction flow 3 (TIMI 3). RESULTS…
Langerin+ DCs regulate innate IL-17 production in the oral mucosa during Candida albicans-mediated infection
2018
The opportunistic fungal pathogen Candida albicans frequently causes diseases such as oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) in immunocompromised individuals. Although it is well appreciated that the cytokine IL-17 is crucial for protective immunity against OPC, the cellular source and the regulation of this cytokine during infection are still a matter of debate. Here, we directly visualized IL-17 production in the tongue of experimentally infected mice, thereby demonstrating that this key cytokine is expressed by three complementary subsets of CD90+ leukocytes: RAG-dependent αβ and γδ T cells, as well as RAG-independent ILCs. To determine the regulation of IL-17 production at the onset of OPC, we…
Nitric oxide metabolites, leukocyte activation markers and oxidative status in dialyzed subjects.
2008
<i>Aims:</i> Our purpose was to evaluate, in a group of 42 end-stage renal disease patients who regularly undergo hemodialysis, some indexes of leukocyte activation, nitric oxide metabolites (NOx) and other parameters that reflect the oxidative stress before and after a standard hemodialysis session. <i>Methods:</i> Elastase and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were determined by means of ELISA. The NO production was evaluated by a micromethod which measures the concentration of NOx. The oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids was evaluated in plasma by detection of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS). Total antioxidant status (TAS) was obtained using spectrophotom…
Monocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and type 2 diabetes mellitus display an increased production of interleukin (IL)-1β via the nucleot…
2015
Summary A better understanding about the mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) showed that inflammatory cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin (IL)-1β play a pivotal role, mirroring data largely reported in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). IL-1β is produced mainly by monocytes (MO), and hyperglycaemia may be able to modulate, in the cytoplasm of these cells, the assembly of a nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat containing family pyrin (NLRP3)-inflammosome, a cytosolic multi-protein platform where the inactive pro-IL-1β is cleaved into active form, via caspase-1 activity. In this paper, we evaluated the production of IL-1 β …
Tailoring the stealth properties of biocompatible polysaccharide nanocontainers.
2014
Fundamental development of a biocompatible and degradable nanocarrier platform based on hydroxyethyl starch (HES) is reported. HES is a derivative of starch and possesses both high biocompatibility and improved stability against enzymatic degradation; it is used to prepare nanocapsules via the polyaddition reaction at the interface of water nanodroplets dispersed in an organic miniemulsion. The synthesized hollow nanocapsules can be loaded with hydrophilic guests in its aqueous core, tuned in size, chemically functionalized in various pathways, and show high shelf life stability. The surface of the HES nanocapsules is further functionalized with poly(ethylene glycol) via different chemistri…