Search results for "Liability"

Replication and extension of framing effects to compliance with health behaviors during pandemics

2021

Outbreaks of infectious diseases represent a significant challenge for health authorities around the world Public cooperation and compliance with health recommendations constitute critical steps to stop the spread of such diseases But how should these recommendations be framed to achieve the most desirable outcomes? Across two experiments, we show that the classic Asian Disease Problem (Tversy and Kahneman, 1981) is replicable, regardless of disease type (real vs hypothetical) Thus, people are less (vs more) willing to take risks when information is positively (negatively) framed, irrespective of disease type, although they are generally more risk-averse in real pandemics Furthermore, peopl…

Interreader Reliability of LI-RADS Version 2014 Algorithm and Imaging Features for Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Large International Multi…

2017

Purpose To determine in a large multicenter multireader setting the interreader reliability of Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) version 2014 categories, the major imaging features seen with computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, and the potential effect of reader demographics on agreement with a preselected nonconsecutive image set. Materials and Methods Institutional review board approval was obtained, and patient consent was waived for this retrospective study. Ten image sets, comprising 38-40 unique studies (equal number of CT and MR imaging studies, uniformly distributed LI-RADS categories), were randomly allocated to readers. Images were acquired…

Do Degree Programs Affect Health Profession Students' Attitudes and Opinions Toward Vaccinations? An Italian Multicenter Study

2019

Abstract Background Healthcare workers' attitudes toward vaccination have been widely described in the literature, but a restricted amount of studies assessed healthcare students' knowledge, attitudes, and opinions on this issue. This study aimed to estimate the influence of a degree course on knowledge and immunization behavior among healthcare students and to compare medical students with students from other health profession degree programs to identify possible differences. Methods A multicenter, cross-sectional study was performed in 2018 in 14 Italian Universities (3,131 students were interviewed). A validated questionnaire was used to assess knowledge, attitudes, and opinions toward v…

OARSI–OMERACT definition of relevant radiological progression in hip/knee osteoarthritis

2009

Summary Background Joint space width (JSW) evaluated in millimeters on plain X-rays is the currently optimal recognized technique to evaluate osteoarthritis (OA) structural progression. Data obtained can be presented at the group level (e.g., mean±standard deviation of the changes). Such presentation makes difficult the interpretation of the clinical relevance of the reported results. Therefore, a presentation at the individual level (e.g., % progressors) seems more attractive but requires to determining a cut-off. Several methodologies have been proposed to define cut-offs in JSW: arbitrary chosen cut-off, cut-off based on the validity to predict a relevant end-point such as the requiremen…

Validity and Reliability of an Instrumented Treadmill with an Accelerometry System for Assessment of Spatio-Temporal Parameters and Impact Transmissi…

2021

Running retraining programs focused on concurrent feedback of acceleration impacts have been demonstrated to be a good strategy to reduce running-related injuries (RRI), as well as to improve running economy and reduce acceleration impacts and injury running incidence. Traditionally, impacts have been registered by mean of accelerometers attached directly to the athletes, which is inaccessible to the entire population, because it requires laboratory conditions. This study investigated the validity and reliability of a new device integrated directly into the treadmill, compared to a traditional acceleration impact system. Thirty healthy athletes with no history of RRI were tested on two sepa…

Implementation and Validation of an End-to-End Commissioning Process for Model-Based Dose Calculation Algorithms in Brachytherapy

2016

Reliability and Accuracy of Echocardiography for Follow-up Studies after Intervention

1987

By two-dimensional echocardiography limitations of M-mode echocardiography have been eliminated. As a direct and noninvasive method two-dimensional echocardiography seems to be an ideal method for analysis of left ventricular function in follow-up studies. In relation to other methods there are no limitations concerning x-ray exposure, physicians and patients safety. Before different studies can be discussed, reliability and accuracy of two-dimensional echocardiography have to be evaluated. Beat-to-beat, day-to-day, intra- and interobserver variability will be discussed, followed by description of follow-up studies after intervention.

Ustioni da elettrobisturi: contributo casistico e considerazioni medico-legali

2016

[Electrosurgery burns: case series and medico-legal issues] In general and specialist surgical practice the use of the electrosurgical unit is consolidated for minimally invasive interventions, due to the ability to control the bleeding of the operative field and the interaction between the cutting and coagulative mechanisms. The authors take inspiration from four cases of personal observation, related to thermal injury produced by electrosurgery, to conduct a brief review of the literature on this issue and present some medical and legal aspects derived from their expert’s observation, in terms of healthcare liability. The authors underline the importance of an accurate knowledge of the pr…

Physical Examination Tests for Screening and Diagnosis of Cervicogenic Headache: A Systematic Review

2016

It has been suggested that differential diagnosis of headaches should consist of a robust subjective ex-amination and a detailed physical examination of the cervical spine. Cervicogenic headache (CGH) is a form of headache that involves referred pain from the neck. To our knowledge, no studies have sum-marized the reliability and diagnostic accuracy of physical examination tests for CGH. The aim of this study was to summarize the reliability and diagnostic accuracy of physical examination tests used to diagnose CGH. A systematic review following PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines was performed in four electronic databases (MEDLINE, Web of …

Interrater reliability between scorers from eight European sleep laboratories in subjects with different sleep disorders

2004

Interrater variability of sleep stage scorings is a well-known phenomenon. The SIESTA project offered the opportunity to analyse interrater reliability (IRR) between experienced scorers from eight European sleep laboratories within a large sample of patients with different (sleep) disorders: depression, general anxiety disorder with and without non-organic insomnia, Parkinson's disease, period limb movements in sleep and sleep apnoea. The results were based on 196 recordings from 98 patients (73 males: 52.3 +/- 12.1 years and 25 females: 49.5 +/- 11.9 years) for which two independent expert scorings from two different laboratories were available. Cohen's kappa was used to evaluate the IRR o…