Search results for "Liability"
showing 10 items of 1754 documents
Assessment of Ecological Risks at Former Landfill Site Using TRIAD Procedure and Multicriteria Analysis
2012
Old industrial landfills are important sources of environmental contamination in Europe, including Finland. In this study, we demonstrated the combination of TRIAD procedure, multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA), and statistical Monte Carlo analysis for assessing the risks to terrestrial biota in a former landfill site contaminated by petroleum hydrocarbons (PHCs) and metals. First, we generated hazard quotients by dividing the concentrations of metals and PHCs in soil by the corresponding risk-based ecological benchmarks. Then we conducted ecotoxicity tests using five plant species, earthworms, and potworms, and determined the abundance and diversity of soil invertebrates from additional…
Bases para el análisis económico de los sistemas de compliance penal
2019
Compliance programs and systems of criminal or administrative liability are being increasingly adopted by different countries as measures meant to reduce the social cost of white collar criminality. However, the legal application of these measures does not always ponder correctly the impacts on common good, the levels of economic activity and the adequate functioning of markets of goods and services. Eventually, this situation can lead to undesired effects, such as the inefficiency of the criminal system, the reduction of economic activity or the arising of obstacles to competition. By taking these circumstances into account, in this paper we will utilize the Economic Analysis of Law to ana…
Reconnecting with poverty: new challenges of disaster management
2011
PurposeIt is clear that poverty can be a key factor to take into consideration at time of potentiating or mitigating the unexpected aftermaths of disasters. In some extent, the degree of vulnerability created by poverty leads scholars to preclude material conditions of life plays a pivotal role in disaster rebuilt. Nonetheless, the present paper aims to explore precisely the connection between the false conceptualization of poverty as pathways towards the conditions of disasters with the disaster in such.Design/methodology/approachThis thesis is that the poverty is a humanitarian disaster often intellectualized as cause of disaster in order for real liable actors not assume their faults. Th…
International perspectives on radiology practice metrics: Australia, France, Germany, Japan, New Zealand, Spain, the UK and USA.
2014
INTRODUCTION The delivery of health care around the world is remarkably diverse in 2015. A comparison of the approximately 200 national entities on the planet reveals marked differences in national measures, both on the input side, such as health care spending, and in outcomes, such as life span. Using the percentage of gross domestic product as a metric for comparing health care spending, the current variation among nations is almost an order of magnitude, from the Marshall Islands and the United States at close to 20% to Myanmar at about 2% [1]. Outcomes are also highly variable, with an almost 2-fold difference in life span between the best and worst nations [2]. Within the nations repre…
Health insurance: medical treatment vs. disability payment
2010
We present arguments for treating health insurance and disability insurance in an integrated manner in economic analysis, based on a model where each individual's utility depends on both consumption and health and her income depends on her earning ability. When purchasing insurance, she may choose a contract that offers less than full medical treatment. We find that high-ability individuals demand full recovery and equalize utility across states, while low-ability individuals demand partial treatment and cash compensation and suffer a loss in utility if ill. Our results carry over to the case where health states are not observable. NOTICE: this is the author’s version of a work that was acc…
Compensating acquitted pre-trial detainees
2015
Abstract Western legal systems are far from having provided the same solution to the problem of whether acquitted pre-trial detainees should be compensated for the harm suffered as a result of detention on remand. Various arguments have been formulated in order to justify or criticize this compensation, but the possible incentive effects of this compensation on criminal behavior has not yet been considered. This paper analyzes these effects, focusing on the case where detention was lawfully and diligently carried out by State agents, and not having been caused by negligence on the part of the detainee. The paper shows that such compensation can either deter crime or encourage it, depending …
CNN based Gearbox Fault Diagnosis and Interpretation of Learning Features
2021
Machine learning based fault diagnosis schemes have been intensively proposed to deal with faults diagnosis of rotating machineries such as gearboxes, bearings, and electric motors. However, most of the machine learning algorithms used in fault diagnosis are pattern recognition tools, which can classify given data into two or more classes. The underlined physical phenomena in fault diagnosis are not directly interpretable in machine learning schemes, thus it is usually called black/gray box models. In this study, convolutional neural networks (CNN) machine learning algorithm is proposed to classify gearbox faults, and the learning features of the CNN filters are visualized to understand the…
Measurements methodology for the reliability evaluation of intelligent power modules
2014
The paper describes a measurement methodology for the reliability evaluation of new intelligent power electronics modules (IPMs). In particular, the evaluation of the IPMs immunity to radio frequency conducted disturbances has been performed, at different operating thermal conditions, designing a suitable measurement set up in a shielded room. Moreover, the thermal performances of the devices have been analyzed, setting up a proper experimental test bench. The measurements procedures are detailed described. © 2014 IEEE.
Practical procedure for verification of compliance of digital mobile radio base stations to limitations of exposure of the general public to electrom…
2002
In the last few years, society has witnessed the installation of an ever increasing number of radio base stations as a necessity for handling new capabilities and services to the large number of users. This rapid development of wireless networks, however, has induced a marked mistrustful attitude in people, who fear possible biological effects of electromagnetic emissions from mobile communications base stations. While there are guidelines on the limitation of human exposure to electromagnetic fields (emf ), there is no harmonised standard measurement procedure to evaluate compliance with the limits on exposure in the vicinity of a base station. The measurement procedure has to be practical…
An integrated structural health monitoring system based on electromechanical impedance and guided ultrasonic waves
2015
We propose a structural health monitoring (SHM) paradigm based on the simultaneous use of ultrasounds and electromechanical impedance (EMI) to monitor waveguides. Methods based on the propagation of guided ultrasonic waves (GUWs) are increasingly used in all those SHM applications that benefit from built-in transduction, moderately large inspection ranges, and high sensitivity to small flaws. Meantime, impedance-based SHM promises to adequately assess locally the structural integrity of simple waveguides and complex structures such as bolted connections. As both methods utilize piezoelectric transducers bonded or embedded to the structure of interest, this paper describes a unified SHM para…