Search results for "Life Span"

Immunosenescence and anti-immunosenescence therapies: the case of probiotics.

2008

ABSTRACT Aging is a complex process that negatively impacts the development of the immune system and its ability to function. Progressive changes in the T and B cell systems over the life span have a major impact on the capacity to respond to immune challenge. These cumulative age-associated changes in immune competence are termed immunosenescence. This process is mostly characterized by: (1) shrinkage of the T cell repertoire and accumulation of oligoclonal expansions of memory/effector cells directed toward ubiquitary infectious agents; (2) involution of the thymus and the exhaustion of naive T cells; and (3) chronic inflammatory status. Here we discuss possible strategies to counteract t…

Assessment of DNA-protein crosslinks in the course of aging in two mouse strains by use of a modified alkaline filter elution applied to whole tissue…

1999

Abstract Two different mouse strains have been used for determination of age dependence of DNA-protein crosslinks by alkaline filter elution: a long lived laboratory strain, NMRI and an accelerated senescence-prone, short lived strain, SAMP1. Five organs were selected: Brain, kidney, lung, heart and liver. Remarkably in all five organs of short lived SAMP1 mice crosslinks increased significantly with age. In NMRI however only in brain and heart a significant rise in old age has been observed, while in the other organs there was no increase in DNA-protein crosslinking. Appreciable mitotic activity which is lacking in brain and heart could be the reason for this difference. Poor repair in all…

Deferiprone and idebenone rescue frataxin depletion phenotypes in a Drosophila model of Friedreich's ataxia

2013

Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA), the most common inherited ataxia, is a neurodegenerative disease caused by a reduction in the levels of the mitochondrial protein frataxin, the function of which remains a controversial matter. Several therapeutic approaches are being developed to increase frataxin expression and reduce the intramitochondrial iron aggregates and oxidative damage found in this disease. In this study, we tested separately the response of a Drosophila RNAi model of FRDA ( Llorens et al., 2007) to treatment with the iron chelator deferiprone (DFP) and the antioxidant idebenone (IDE), which are both in clinical trials. The FRDA flies have a shortened life span and impaired motor coord…

Lifetime egg production of captive libellulids (Odonata)

2015

The estimation of lifetime egg production (LEP) is a central question in ecology, since the number of eggs produced determines the potential size of the following generation. In this study, I tried to obtain a rough estimation of the LEPs in libellulids in outdoor cages. The main questions were: (1) does hand feeding influence females’ life history traits; (2) how long is the maturation period and the lifespan; (3) does the quality/quantity of eggs vary with female age or size; and (4) how many eggs do females lay in their lifetime? I installed two outdoor cages and kept individually marked specimens of Orthetrum coerulescens and Sympetrum striolatum under semi-natural circumstances. Orthet…

International perspectives on radiology practice metrics: Australia, France, Germany, Japan, New Zealand, Spain, the UK and USA.

2014

INTRODUCTION The delivery of health care around the world is remarkably diverse in 2015. A comparison of the approximately 200 national entities on the planet reveals marked differences in national measures, both on the input side, such as health care spending, and in outcomes, such as life span. Using the percentage of gross domestic product as a metric for comparing health care spending, the current variation among nations is almost an order of magnitude, from the Marshall Islands and the United States at close to 20% to Myanmar at about 2% [1]. Outcomes are also highly variable, with an almost 2-fold difference in life span between the best and worst nations [2]. Within the nations repre…

Introduction: the unusualness and contribution of life span longitudinal studies of aggressive and criminal behavior

2009

Hand feeding: a method to increase the survival rate ofOrthetrum coerulescens(Odonata: Libellulidae) in outdoor enclosures

2014

Food intake rate and diet composition have a high impact on all organisms and affect individual fitness, fecundity and mortality. Specimens in enclosures have to be fed in an adequate way and with minimum stress for the specimens. Adult dragonflies are flying hunters. In enclosures, they are usually fed by adding different kinds of adult dipterans. In this study, I additionally fed specimens of Orthetrum coerulescens by hand. Each specimen received one house fly or up to six fruit flies per day. This was less than an adult dragonfly would normally consume; however, this additional hand feeding was enough to significantly increase the survival rate of individuals, especially within the first…

Menopausal syndrome limited to hot flushes and sweating a representative survey study.

2017

The menopausal syndrome is described as a series of various physical and nonphysical symptoms attributed to perimenopausal changes in hormone levels. However, evidence is biased by focusing research on the target group of middle aged women only. To overcome this bias, we examined the occurrence of menopausal symptoms during the entire life span in both women and men.Therefore, we studied the occurrence of menopausal symptoms with the widely used Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) across the entire life span in both women and men. To this end, we performed a nationwide cross-sectional survey study in Germany in which we examined a representative sample of 2527 persons aged from 14 to 95 years. Add…

Aging and Cell Aging: An Introduction

2013

Since more than 100 years people are constantly growing older and a further significant increase in life time is expected in the decades to come. A person born today has a high statistical chance to reach the age of 100, to become a centenarian. Since aging is the primary risk factor for many human disorders it is mandatory to understand the aging process and how it affects onset and course of disorders of the elderly. Scientifically the medium life span is discriminated from the maximum life span. While the latter is rather constant at approximately 120 years the medium life span is increasing. But not only the whole organism, also each single cell out of the billions making up our body ha…

Oxidative stress tolerance, adenylate cyclase, and autophagy are key players in the chronological life span of Saccharomyces cerevisiae during winema…

2012

Most grape juice fermentation takes place when yeast cells are in a nondividing state called the stationary phase. Under such circumstances, we aimed to identify the genetic determinants controlling longevity, known as the chronological life span. We identified commercial strains with both short (EC1118) and long (CSM) life spans in laboratory growth medium and compared them under diverse conditions. Strain CSM shows better tolerance to stresses, including oxidative stress, in the stationary phase. This is reflected during winemaking, when this strain has an increased maximum life span. Compared to EC1118, CSM overexpresses a mitochondrial rhodanese gene-like gene, RDL2, whose deletion lead…