Search results for "Linear Models"
showing 10 items of 440 documents
Wrist-worn accelerometers in assessment of energy expenditure during intensive training
2012
We assessed the ability of the Polar activity recorder (AR) to measure energy expenditure (EE) during military training. Twenty-four voluntary male conscripts participated in the study and wore an AR on the non-dominant wrist 24 h a day for 7 d. The AR analyzed and stored the frequency of hand movements (f_hand) into memory at 1 min intervals. The relationship between f_hand and EE was studied over a 7 d period of military training using the doubly labeled water (DLW) technique. In addition, the relationship between f_hand and EE was analyzed during walking and running on a treadmill with an indirect calorimeter (IC), and f_hand was measured during a supervised 45 min field march test where…
Frailty Is Associated with Oxidative Stress in Older Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
2021
Aging has increased the prevalence of frailty, and type 2 diabetes (T2D) has also increased in prevalence. Diabetes and oxidative stress (OS) have been shown to be related to frailty. However, the exact mechanism by which it occurs is not fully known. Our aim was to analyze body composition in community-dwelling older diabetic people treated in our center and to evaluate the possible relation between OS, frailty, and body composition. We included 100 adults older than 65 years with T2D. We found that 15% were frail and 57% were prefrail. The patients included in the nonrobust group showed increased levels of OS. Our study shows that the presence of T2D in the geriatric population is associa…
Reversal of prenatal diazepam-induced deficit in a spatial-object learning task by brief, periodic maternal separation in adult rats.
2005
In the rat, prenatal exposure to diazepam (DZ) induces a permanent reduction in GABA/BZ receptor (R) function and behavioural abnormalities. Environmental modifications during early stages of life can influence brain development and induce neurobiological and behavioural changes throughout adulthood. Indeed, a subtle, periodic, postnatal manipulation increases GABA/BZ R activity and produces facilitatory effects on neuroendocrine and behavioural responses. We here investigated the impact of prenatal treatment with DZ on learning performance in adult 3- and 8-month-old male rats and the influence of a brief, periodic maternal separation on the effects exerted by prenatal DZ exposure. Learnin…
Human Hypertension Is Characterized by a Lack of Activation of the Antihypertensive Cardiac Hormones ANP and BNP
2012
ObjectivesThis study sought to investigate plasma levels of circulating cardiac natriuretic peptides, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and B-type or brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), in the general community, focusing on their relative differences in worsening human hypertension.BackgroundAlthough ANP and BNP are well-characterized regulators of blood pressure in humans, little is known at the population level about their relationship with hypertension. The authors hypothesized that hypertension is associated with a lack of activation of these hormones or their molecular precursors.MethodsThe study cohort (N = 2,082, age >45 years) was derived from a random sample from Rochester, Minnesota, …
Relationship between HRV measurements and demographic and clinical variables in a population of patients with atrial fibrillation.
2015
Little is known about the role of HRV in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients. Aim of our study was to assess the relationship between HRV measurements and demographic and clinical variables in a population of 274 AF patients. We selected all consecutive patients with persistent/permanent AF among whom had performed a Holter ECG in our Department from April 2010 to April 2015. Time-domain analysis of HRV was evaluated. Demographic and clinical variables were collected for each patient. At multivariable logistic regression, a higher pNN50 was associated with ACE inhibitors/ARBs (p = 0.016) and a lower pNN50 with obesity (p = 0.037) and higher heart rate (HR) (p < 0.0005). A higher RMSSD w…
Optical Coherence Tomography Versus Intravascular Ultrasound to Evaluate Coronary Artery Disease and Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
2013
ObjectivesWe compared intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and 2 different generations of optical coherence tomography (OCT)—time-domain OCT (TD-OCT) and frequency-domain OCT (FD-OCT)—for the assessment of coronary disease and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) using stents.BackgroundOCT is a promising light-based intravascular imaging modality with higher resolution than IVUS. However, the paucity of data on OCT image quantification has limited its application in clinical practice.MethodsA total of 227 matched OCT and IVUS pull backs were studied. One hundred FD-OCT and IVUS pull backs in nonstented (n = 56) and stented (n = 44) vessels were compared. Additionally, 127 matched TD-OCT and …
Prediction Accuracy of a Novel Dynamic Structure-Function Model for Glaucoma Progression
2014
Purpose To assess the prediction accuracy of a novel dynamic structure-function (DSF) model to monitor glaucoma progression. Methods Longitudinal data of paired rim area (RA) and mean sensitivity (MS) from 220 eyes with ocular hypertension or primary open-angle glaucoma enrolled in the Diagnostic Innovations in Glaucoma Study or the African Descent and Glaucoma Evaluation Study were included. Rim area and MS were expressed as percent of mean normal based on an independent dataset of 91 healthy eyes. The DSF model uses centroids as estimates of the current state of the disease and velocity vectors as estimates of direction and rate of change over time. The first three visits were used to pre…
Gonadotropin Hormone Modulation of Testosterone, Immune Function, Performance, and Behavioral Trade‐Offs among Male Morphs of the Lizard Uta stansbur…
2008
Sexual selection predicts that trade-offs maintain trait variation in alternative reproductive strategies. Experiments often focus on testosterone (T), but the gonadotropins follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone may provide a clearer understanding of the pleiotropic relationships among traits. We assess the activational role of gonadotropins on T and corticosterone regulation in traits expressed by polymorphic male side-blotched lizards Uta stansburiana. Gonadotropins are found to enhance and suppress multiple physiological, morphological, and behavioral traits independently, as well as indirectly via T, and we demonstrate selective trade-offs between reproduction and surviva…
Blood pressure values and depression in hypertensive individuals at high cardiovascular risk
2014
Background: Hypertension and depression are both important risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Nevertheless, the association of blood pressure on and depression has not been completely established. This study aims to analyze whether depression may influence the control of blood pressure in hypertensive individuals at high cardiovascular risk. Methods: Cross-sectional study, embedded within the PREDIMED clinical trial, of 5954 hypertensive patients with high cardiovascular risk factor profiles. The relationship between blood pressure control and depression was analyzed. A multivariate analysis (logistic and log-linear regression), adjusting for potential confounders (socio-demographic …
Multisensory integration of drumming actions: musical expertise affects perceived audiovisual asynchrony
2009
We investigated the effect of musical expertise on sensitivity to asynchrony for drumming point-light displays, which varied in their physical characteristics (Experiment 1) or in their degree of audiovisual congruency (Experiment 2). In Experiment 1, 21 repetitions of three tempos x three accents x nine audiovisual delays were presented to four jazz drummers and four novices. In Experiment 2, ten repetitions of two audiovisual incongruency conditions x nine audiovisual delays were presented to 13 drummers and 13 novices. Participants gave forced-choice judgments of audiovisual synchrony. The results of Experiment 1 show an enhancement in experts' ability to detect asynchrony, especially fo…