Search results for "Linum"
showing 10 items of 103 documents
Altered functional connectivity in blepharospasm/orofacial dystonia
2017
Abstract Introduction Blepharospasm is characterized by involuntary eyelid spasms. It can be associated with perioral dystonia (Meige's syndrome or orofacial dystonia). We aimed at studying resting‐state functional brain connectivity in these patients and its potential modulation by therapeutic botulinum toxin injections. Methods We performed resting‐state functional MRI and a region of interest‐based analysis of functional connectivity in 13 patients with blepharospasm/Meige's syndrome in comparison to 13 healthy controls. Patients were studied before and 4 weeks after botulinum toxin treatment. Simultaneous facial electromyography was applied to control for involuntary facial movements. R…
Amylase release from streptolysin O-permeabilized pancreatic acinar cells. Effects of Ca2+, guanosine 5'-[gamma-thio]triphosphate, cyclic AMP, tetanu…
1992
The molecular requirements for amylase release and the intracellular effects of botulinum A toxin and tetanus toxin on amylase release were investigated using rat pancreatic acinar cells permeabilized with streptolysin O. Micromolar concentrations of free Ca2+ evoked amylase release from these cells. Maximal release was observed in the presence of 30 microM free Ca2+. Ca(2+)-stimulated, but not basal, amylase release was enhanced by guanosine 5′-[gamma-thio]triphosphate (GTP[S]) (3-4 fold) or cyclic AMP (1.5-2 fold). Neither the two-chain forms of botulinum A toxin and tetanus toxin, under reducing conditions, nor the light chains of tetanus toxin, inhibited amylase release triggered by Ca2…
Pregabalin as add-on treatment to botulinum toxin in idiopathic hemifacial spasm
2007
Botulinum toxin (BTX) is the medical therapy of choice in hemifacial spasm (HFS). However, in some patients, its therapeutic effect is insufficient. ### Patient 1. A 64-year-old man with a 10-year history of left-sided HFS was treated with BTX over a period of 6 years with good results. However, in the last 2 years the spasms were never sufficiently relieved by BTX. The patient felt significantly impaired, but declined to undergo neurosurgical intervention. The EDB test showed a decrease in the CMAP amplitude of 60%. Without changing the BTX regime, pregabalin (initially 75 mg/day increased every 5 days by 75 mg to 150 mg twice daily) was added for a 1-month trial period in the absence of a…
Long-term efficacy of botulinum toxin A for treatment of blepharospasm,hemifacial spasm, and spastic entropion: a multicentre study using two drug-do…
2009
PURPOSE: To investigate the long-term effectiveness and safety of botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT-A) treatment in patients with blepharospasm (BEB), hemifacial spasm (HFS), and entropion (EN) and to use for the first time two modified indexes, 'botulin toxin escalation index-U' (BEI-U) and 'botulin toxin escalation index percentage' (BEI-%), in the dose-escalation evaluation. METHODS: All patients in this multicentre study were followed for at least 10 years and main outcomes were clinical efficacy, duration of relief, BEI-U and BEI-%, and frequency of adverse events. RESULTS: BEB, HFS, and EN patients received a mean BoNT-A dose with a significant inter-group difference (P<0.0005, respectivel…
Effects of treatments for drooling on caries risk in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy
2019
Background Neuromuscular impairment makes individuals with cerebral palsy (CP) more prone to drooling. Among the treatment options, there are procedures that interfere with saliva production. It is imperative to evaluate the effect of the different modalities since the reduction in salivary flow rate/production may exacerbate the risk of dental caries. Material and Methods The aim of this study was to compare the effects of different treatments for drooling on caries risk and salivary parameters in children and adolescents with CP. Study design A total of 142 children and adolescents with CP, aged 6 to 18 years, were assigned to groups based on the different treatments they had received for…
OnabotulinumtoxinA: how deep will it go?
2014
First-line treatment of overactive bladder syndrome (OAB) is based on conservative measures and oral medication such asmuscarinic receptor antagonists and, more recently, b3-adrenoceptor agonists.While this provides effective symptom relief for many patients, for others it has insufficient efficacy and/or intolerable side effects. The potent neurotoxin onabotulinumtoxinA (BoNT-A) has shown efficacy in placebo-controlled trials in patients with neurogenic voiding dysfunction or OAB [1], largely including patients exhibiting an insufficient treatment response to muscarinic antagonists. Although the role of a strong placebo component in the beneficial effects of oral treatment is well known, a…
Botulinum Toxin Type B Blocks Sudomotor Function Effectively: A 6 Month Follow Up
2003
This study analyzes the suppression of sweat gland activity by botulinum toxin type B. We injected botulinum toxin type B (between 2 and 1000 mouse units subcutaneously) in the lateral side of both lower legs in 15 healthy volunteers. Sweat tests were carried out before botulinum toxin type B injections, and at 3 wk, 3 mo, and 6 mo. We studied focal anhidrosis by iodine–starch staining and by capacitance hygrometry after carbachol iontophoresis, according to the quantitative sudomotor axon reflex test (QSART). Iodine starch staining indicated that a threshold dose of 8 mouse units botulinum toxin type B leads to anhidrotic skin spots (>4 cm2) after 3 wk. Duration of anhidrosis was prolonged…
Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms: What's New in Medical Treatment?
2018
Abstract Context Pharmacological treatment is a cornerstone in the management of patients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Objective To review emerging evidence in the medical treatment of LUTS. Evidence acquisition An Embase/Pubmed-based literature search was conducted in December 2017, screening for randomized controlled trials (RCTs), prospective and retrospective series, animal model studies, and reviews on medical treatment of LUTS. Evidence synthesis The main medical innovation in recent years in overactive bladder (OAB) has been the approval of the first β 3 -adrenoceptor agonists (mirabegron) and intradetrusor onabotulinum toxin A, while several other drugs such as antiepil…
Persistent storage symptoms after TURP can be predicted with a nomogram derived from the ice water test
2019
PURPOSE To predict the persistence of storage symptoms after transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) using a nomogram derived from the ice water test (IWT). METHODS The IWTs of 73 men with lower urinary tract symptoms and prostatic bladder outlet obstruction were retrospectively analyzed. The strength of the detrusor contraction was approximated by using the detrusor gradient of Δpdet /Δt at maximum detrusor pressure and the area under the curve. The parameters were utilized in a nomogram, which facilitated a severity categorization from 1 to 10. Patients with a positive IWT in the categories 1 to 2 were assigned to group A, categories 3 to 4 to group B and categories 5 and higher to…
Impact of Minimally Invasive Surgery in the Spectrum of Current Achalasia Treatment Options
2011
Minimally invasive Heller myotomy has evolved the “gold standard” procedure for achalasia in the spectrum of current treatment options. The laparoscopic technique has proved superior to the thoracoscopic approach due to improved visualization of the esophagogastric junction. Operative controversies most recently include the length of the myotomy, especially of its fundic part, with respect to the balance between postoperative persistent dysphagia and development of gastroesophageal reflux, as well as the type of the added antireflux procedure. Perioperative mortality should approach 0%, and favorable long-term results can be achieved in > 90%.